Child Language Written Theory Flashcards
What idea did Clay propose?
“Emergent Literacy”. She describes early scribbles. Places valued importance on the parents and how they should recognise that writing skills develop. Should be valued long before the child is producing formal texts.
What 4 categories did Clay construct this in?
Recurring- The child knows a limited number of letters and uses them repeatedly.
Directional- Left to Right.
Generating- Realises there are a limited number of letters but realises that they can be used in different ways.
Inventory- Pack knowledge together into words he/she knows.
What was Goodman’s research?
Research into print awareness, characterises children’s early writing as following three principles.
What are these three principles?
Functional- Writing can serve a purpose.
Linguistic- Words and letters have directionality.
Relational- Connect what they write with spoken words, understand the alphabet has meaning.
What are the 5 stages of writing?
Practical- Reminders and notes.
Job related- Medical assessment.
Stimulating- Organise thoughts logically.
Social- Invitation, letter, thank you note.
Therapeutic- Express feelings.
What are Barclay’s stages?
Scribbling- Random marks on the page.
Mock handwriting- Lines of wavy scribbles that resemble writing.
Mock letters- Letter like shapes.
Conventional letters- Child’s first name.
Invented spelling- Cluster random letters to make words.
Phonetic spelling- Associate sound and letters.
Conventional Spelling- Becomes conventional.
What are Kroll’s 4 stages of development?
Preparatory- 4-7 -Motor skills and principles of spelling required.
Consolidation- 7-9 -Express what can be said in speech, clauses linked with and, colloquial.
Differentiation- 9+ -produce writing for different audiences patterns and organisation. Draft work.
Integration- 14+ -Understand mode and vary stylistic choices.
What are Gentry’s five spelling stages? Each stage is different for the national curriculum for teachers.
Pre Communicative- Make up their own writing.
- Scribbling shows they undertsnad letter have a meaning.
-Some letter shapes.
Semi Phonetic- Link sounds and shapes.
- Awareness of word boundaries.
Phonetic- Understand that phonemes can be represented by graphemes.
Traditional- Combine phonic knowledge with memory.
- Awareness of combinations of letters.
Conventional- Knows spelling systems and rules and about word structure.
What links the conventional stage?
The post-telegraphic stage.
What are the types of spelling mistakes?
Insertion- Add an unnecessary extra letter.
Omission- Miss out a letter.
Substitution- Substitute one letter for another.
Graphemic Substitution- “thort” from “thought”.
Transposition- “piece”, “ei” may be switched.
What does Bromley explore?
The effect of accent and dialect on spelling.
- Found that children opt for non standard spelling 30% of the time. “fing” from “thing”.
- Too many rules could stifle individuality in terms of idiolect/dialect. This therefore cancels out creativity with language and identity.
- Children are required to learn a spelling that doesn’t reflect the word they say.
What is Frith’s Model?
Children need to learn logo graphical skills and alphabetical skills.
- If children do not grasp these then they fall behind.
What does Heath conclude?
Parent’s place explicit value on books and literacy.
- If parents expose their children to more books, then their grammar and literacy will be better.
- Communities that involve more oral storytelling, consequently, encouraged children that were less successful in school.
What does Vygotsky do?
Caregivers/Teachers (MKO’s) allow the child to surpass the ZPD through physical feedback.
What does Bruner propose?
“Scaffolding”, seek and need outside support to help.
- Interaction with books is important for creativity.
- Recreate structure, title, accompanying pictures, once upon a time.
How does Genre effect written language?
Once establishing genre, they can construct and recognise linguistic patterns.
What are Phonics?
The relationship between letters and sounds.
