Language And Gender Flashcards
What does Robin Lackoff suggest?
Women just have a different way of speaking.
What study did O’barre and Atkins do?
Conducted a courtroom study, found that it had less to do with gender and more to do with power and status.
What does Otto Jespersen suggest?
He views men and women’s language as a result of sex and gender differences.
What does Janet Holmes do?
Explores how men and women used to questions.
– Women convey their caring and intimacy, whereas men use more model tag questions which presents their lack of self-confidence.
What idea does Deborah Tannen do?
Discovered that men’s language often portrays their masculinity whereas women show more intimacy connection.
– She established these through six language differences.
What are these six language differences?
– Status VS support.
– Independence VS intimacy.
– Advice VS understanding.
– Information VS feeling.
– Orders VS proposals.
– Conflicts VS compromise.
What is Zimmerman and West’s Study and what did it conclude?
Conducted a study which concluded that men interrupt more than women.
Is there a criticism to this study?
Geoffrey Beattie, suggested that the margin was too small, therefore the study was insignificant.
What did Pamela Fishman find?
Found that although women are supposedly weaker than men they start the conversations.
– They are more cooperative speakers therefore women do the “shit work“ for men.
What does Judith Butler suggest?
That the dominant social norms in society have created a sense of identity.
Male – blue
Female – pink
What idea do Deborah Cameron propose?
She suggests that women like to talk more about people, whereas men like to talk more about he is
– men have “locker room” talk.
– Women have “gossip”.
This derives from the old English “godsibb” the team for the godparents of one’s child or the parent of one’s God child, generally very close friends.
What is Amanda Montell’s quote?
“If you want to insult a woman, call her a prostitute, if you want to insult a man, call him a woman“.
What is a marked term?
When there is no suffix, we use a marked term. E.G “female doctor“.
What is a suffix?
A group of letters added to a word in order to create a morpheme.
What is a diminutive suffix?
A word containing letters in order to create an insignificant. E.G “waitress“.
What is a generic term?
A word used to describe all humans as being “man’s” or “mankind”.
What is semantic pejoration?
A word that is neutral in origin, but gains a more negative meaning overtime. E.G “cow”, “pig”, “bitch”.
What does Caitlyn Hines(1999) suggest?
That women are typically compared to sweet/fruity items, single saving items that can be broken down.
What does Julia Stanley(1970) suggest?
Popular sexual slang term for women were metaphors that reflected the idea of a virgin and a whore.
What did Sutton Et Al (1989) do?
Got his students to write down language, which she categorised into sexual, fatness, evil and promiscuity.
What did UCLA(1989) do?
Positive for women, “peach“, “treat“, single saving food, more insults for men than for women.
