Paper 1 - Respiration and Gas Exchange Flashcards
What is the origin of CO2 as a waste product of plant metabolism?
CO2 is released into the atmosphere through aerobic respiration and exits via the stomata as the guard cells part
What is photosynthesis needed for?
Production of glucose for aerobic respiration to create ATP energy for cells
Describe the structure of the diaphragm
It is a muscular sheet of tissue which contracts and relaxes below the lungs
What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
- Aerobic respiration uses oxygen but anaerobic does not
- Anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid but aerobic does not
- Aerobic respiration produces a lot of ATP energy but anaerobic does not
- Anaerobic respiration only happens when there is no oxygen
How does the process of respiration create ATP energy?
Glucose and oxygen react together to form ATP
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in fungi?
Glucose → Carbon Dioxide + Ethanol + Energy
Describe the structure of the trachea
- Also known as the windpipe
- It is where air enters the lungs
Describe the structure of the bronchi
- 2 tubes splitting from the trachea
- Singular = bronchus
Describe the structure of the alveoli
- Air sacks
- Site of gas exchange
What is the balanced chemical symbol equation for aerobic respiration in living organisms?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
What does ATP energy do?
ATP provides energy for cells
Describe the structure of the ribs
They are bones surrounding and protecting the lungs
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?
Glucose → Lactic Acid + Carbon Dioxide + Energy (A little)
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration in living organisms?
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
Describe the structure of the plural membrane
Forms an airtight seal around the lungs
Describe the structure of the bronchioles.
Smaller tubes splitting from the bronchi
Describe the structure of the intercostal muscles.
Attached between ribs and pulls ribs up and down
What is the photosynthesis process?
- Takes place inside plant cells, in chloroplasts.
- Chloroplasts contain a green pigment named chlorophyll, which absorbs the light energy needed for photosynthesis. (photosynthesis can only happen in plants in light)
- The plant cells use the light energy to convert CO2 and water into Glucose
- CO2 is required for photosynthesis and enters through the stomata, water enters through the root
- O2 is formed as a product. Some can be used for respiration
What is the balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis?
6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen
What is the origin of O2 as a waste product of plant metabolism?
O2 is released into the atmosphere through photosynthesis and exits via the stomata when the guard cells apart
Describe an experiment which investigates the requirements of light, CO2 and chlorophyll
- Fill three test tubes with pond water (50 mL), and two spatulas of hydrogen carbonate indicator in each
- Place, two snails tube 1, some pondweed in tube 2 and three snails and some pondweed in tube 3
- Leave all 3 tubes in bright sunlight for 12 hours
Add hydrogen carbonate indicator to each test tube to measure the level of CO2 in the water (initially Red) - Tube, 1 should be yellow (high)
- Tube 2 should be purple (low)
- Tube 3 should remain red (normal)
What are the biological consequences of smoking?
- Destroys cilia so they can no longer function
- Mucus builds up because it cannot be removed
- Which leads to a bacterial infection of the alveoli
- Which damages alveoli and a loss of surface area
- Airways become inflamed or narrows
- Which can lead to COPD or lung cancer
