Paper 1 - Respiration and Gas Exchange

Question 1

What is the origin of CO2 as a waste product of plant metabolism?

Answer 1

CO2 is released into the atmosphere through aerobic respiration and exits via the stomata as the guard cells part

Question 2

What is photosynthesis needed for?

Answer 2

Production of glucose for aerobic respiration to create ATP energy for cells

Question 3

Describe the structure of the diaphragm

Answer 3

It is a muscular sheet of tissue which contracts and relaxes below the lungs

Question 4

What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Answer 4

• Aerobic respiration uses oxygen but anaerobic does not
• Anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid but aerobic does not
• Aerobic respiration produces a lot of ATP energy but anaerobic does not
• Anaerobic respiration only happens when there is no oxygen

Question 5

How does the process of respiration create ATP energy?

Answer 5

Glucose and oxygen react together to form ATP

Question 6

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in fungi?

Answer 6

Glucose → Carbon Dioxide + Ethanol + Energy

Question 7

Describe the structure of the trachea

Answer 7

• Also known as the windpipe
• It is where air enters the lungs

Question 8

Describe the structure of the bronchi

Answer 8

• 2 tubes splitting from the trachea
• Singular = bronchus

Question 9

Describe the structure of the alveoli

Answer 9

• Air sacks
• Site of gas exchange

Question 10

What is the balanced chemical symbol equation for aerobic respiration in living organisms?

Answer 10

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Question 11

What does ATP energy do?

Answer 11

ATP provides energy for cells

Question 12

Describe the structure of the ribs

Answer 12

They are bones surrounding and protecting the lungs

Question 13

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?

Answer 13

Glucose → Lactic Acid + Carbon Dioxide + Energy (A little)

Question 14

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration in living organisms?

Answer 14

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

Question 15

Describe the structure of the plural membrane

Answer 15

Forms an airtight seal around the lungs

Question 16

Describe the structure of the bronchioles.

Answer 16

Smaller tubes splitting from the bronchi

Question 17

Describe the structure of the intercostal muscles.

Answer 17

Attached between ribs and pulls ribs up and down

Question 18

What is the photosynthesis process?

Answer 18

• Takes place inside plant cells, in chloroplasts.
• Chloroplasts contain a green pigment named chlorophyll, which absorbs the light energy needed for photosynthesis. (photosynthesis can only happen in plants in light)
• The plant cells use the light energy to convert CO2 and water into Glucose
• CO2 is required for photosynthesis and enters through the stomata, water enters through the root
• O2 is formed as a product. Some can be used for respiration

Question 18

What is the balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 18

6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Question 19

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 19

Carbon Dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen

Question 20

What is the origin of O2 as a waste product of plant metabolism?

Answer 20

O2 is released into the atmosphere through photosynthesis and exits via the stomata when the guard cells apart

Question 20

Describe an experiment which investigates the requirements of light, CO2 and chlorophyll

Answer 20

• Fill three test tubes with pond water (50 mL), and two spatulas of hydrogen carbonate indicator in each
• Place, two snails tube 1, some pondweed in tube 2 and three snails and some pondweed in tube 3
• Leave all 3 tubes in bright sunlight for 12 hours
  Add hydrogen carbonate indicator to each test tube to measure the level of CO2 in the water (initially Red)
• Tube, 1 should be yellow (high)
• Tube 2 should be purple (low)
• Tube 3 should remain red (normal)

Question 21

What are the biological consequences of smoking?

Answer 21

• Destroys cilia so they can no longer function
• Mucus builds up because it cannot be removed
• Which leads to a bacterial infection of the alveoli
• Which damages alveoli and a loss of surface area
• Airways become inflamed or narrows
• Which can lead to COPD or lung cancer