Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Paper 1 - Nutrition > Flashcards

Paper 1 - Nutrition Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are Magnesium ions needed for?

A

Production of chlorophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do plants require for growth?

A

Mineral ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe a practical which investigates photosynthesis, showing the evolution of oxygen from a water plant and the requirements of light

A
  1. Place pond weed in a beaker of water
  2. Place a lamp 10cm away
  3. Leave for 5 Minutes to allow pond weed to adapt to environment
  4. Count the number of air bubbles produced in a fixed period of time
  5. Increase distance of lamp to decrease light intensity
  6. Repeat process to obtain a range of data and take an average
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are nitrate ions needed for?

A

Production of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What should a balanced diet include appropriate proportions of?

A
  • carbohydrate
  • protein
  • lipid
  • vitamins
  • minerals
  • water
  • dietary fibre
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does CO2 concentration affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A
  • As the concentration of Carbon Dioxide increases, the rate of Photosynthesis will increase as Carbon Dioxide is a reactant
  • However, as concentration of Carbon Dioxide increases beyond a certain point, rate of Photosynthesis with plateau as another factor will be the limiting factor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A
  • As light intensity increases, the rate of Photosynthesis will increase as Photosynthesis can only occur under the presence of light
  • However, as light intensity increases beyond a certain point, the rate of Photosynthesis will plateau as another factor is the limiting factor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A
  • At low temperatures, the rate of photosynthesis is low because enzymes do not have much kinetic energy.
  • This is because the amount of enzyme substrate collisions is low
  • As temperature increases, the rate of photosynthesis will increase because the amount of enzyme substrate collisions are high
  • However, at high temperatures, the rate of photosynthesis decreases, because the active site of the enzyme denatures
  • The active site of the enzyme is no longer complementary to the substrate so less enzyme substrate complexes can be formed, and therefore less products can be formed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a source of protein?

A

Meat, fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a source of carbohydrates?

A

Pasta, Rice, Sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a source of lipids?

A
  • Butter
  • Oily fish
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a source of dietary fibre?

A
  • Wholemeal bread
  • Fruit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a source of vitamin A?

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a source of Vitamin C?

A

Oranges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a source of Vitamin D?

A

Eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a source of Calcium?

A
  • Cows milk
  • Cheese
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a source of Iron?

A

Red meat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do energy requirements vary with activity levels?

A

People with lower activity levels require less energy because they use their muscles less and cells respire less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do energy requirements vary with age?

A

Children and teenagers require more energy than older people as they are growing and more active

20
Q

How do energy requirements vary with pregnancy?

A

If a woman is pregnant, she will require more energy because she must feed herself and the baby for the baby to develop

21
Q

Describe the structure and function of the mouth

A
  • Teeth grind the food into small pieces
  • Salivary glands make saliva
  • Saliva wets the food so that it can be easily swallowed
  • Saliva contains digestive enzymes which begin to digest some of the food
22
Q

Describe the structure and function of the oesophagus

A

Muscular tube that connects the mouth and stomach

23
Q

Describe the structure and function of the stomach

A
  • Muscles in the stomach churn up food
  • The stomach lining produces digestive juices
  • Hydrochloric acid aids the breakdown of food at an optimum pH level
24
Q

Describe the structure and function of the small intestine

A
  • Glands in the small intestine lining add digestive juices to the food
  • Small digested food molecules can pass into the blood
25
Q

Describe the structure and function of the large intestine

A

Absorbs water from undigested food to produce faeces

26
Q

Describe the structure and function of the rectum

A
  • Solid waste called faeces leaves the anus
  • Most of the waste is indigestible fibre
  • Keeps intestine healthy since it gives the muscles in the intestine wall something to push on to move the food along
27
Q

Describe the structure and function of the pancreas

A

Secretes Insulin or Glucagon to regulate blood glucose levels

28
Q

Define peristalisis

A

Peristalsis is a wave of muscular contraction that moves food along the gut

29
Q

What is the role of digestive enzymes?

A
  • Digestive enzymes break food molecules down until they are small enough to be absorbed into the bloodstream
  • Amylase breaks starch down to maltose
  • Maltase breaks maltose down to glucose
  • Proteases break protein down to amino acids
  • Lipases break lipids down to 3 fatty acid tails and 1 glycerol head
30
Q

Where is bile produced?

A

Liver

31
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

Gall bladder

32
Q

What is the role of bile?

A
  • Bile neutralises stomach acid
  • To set the optimum pH for enzymes
  • Bile emulsifies fats into smaller droplets
  • Emulsification increases the surface area for digestion
33
Q

How is the small intestine adapted for the absorption of nutrients?

A
  • Villi provide a surface area large enough for diffusion so that diffusion occurs faster
  • Micro-villi increase the surface area further
  • Villi wall is only 1 cell thick for a short diffusion distance and therefore fast diffusion
  • Villi has a large blood supply which allows food molecules to be absorbed quickly
34
Q

Describe a practical which investigates photosynthesis, showing the evolution of oxygen from a water plant and the requirements of Carbon Dioxide

A
  • Place pond weed in a beaker of water
  • To increase Carbon Dioxide concentration, add Sodium hydrogencarbonate into beaker of Water
  • Leave for 5 Minutes to allow pond weed to adapt to environment
  • Count the number of air bubbles produced per minute
  • Then add sodium hydroxide to decrease Carbon Dioxide concentration
  • Repeat process to obtain a range of data and analyse results
35
Q

Describe a practical which investigates photosynthesis, showing the evolution of oxygen from a water plant and the requirements of Chlorophyll

A
  • Place pond weed in a beaker of water
  • Usa a variegated plant where the green part contains chlorophyll and the white part does not
  • Leave for 5 Minutes
  • Count the number of air bubbles produced per minute
  • Then replace pond weed with a non-variegated plant
  • Repeat process to obtain a range of data and analyse results
36
Q

Function of Carbohydrates

A

Provide energy

37
Q

Function of Lipids

A
  • Provide energy
  • Act as an energy store
  • Provide insulation
38
Q

Function of Proteins

A
  • Needed for growth and repair of tissue
  • Provide energy in emergencies
39
Q

Function of vitamin A

A
  • Improve vision
  • Keep skin and hair healthy
40
Q

Function of vitamin C

A

Prevent scurvy

41
Q

Function of vitamin D

A

Calcium absorption

42
Q

Function of Calcium

A

To make bones and teeth

43
Q

Function of Iron

A

To make haemoglobin for healthy blood

44
Q

Function of water

A

To replace water lost through urinating, breathing and sweating

45
Q

Function of dietary fibre

A

Aids movement of food through the gut

Biology (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions