Paper 1 - Molecules Flashcards
What are lipids made up of?
- 3 fatty acid tails
- 1 Glycerole head
Define Osmosis
The net diffusion of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
What are carbohydrates made up of?
- Starch
- Glycogen
How could diffusion be sped up?
- Higher SA : Vol ratio
- Higher temperature
- Shorter diffusion distance
- Steeper concentration gradient
What are proteins made up of?
Amino acids
What chemical elements are present in lipids?
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
What chemical elements are present in proteins?
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Sulphur (sometimes)
What are the roles of enzymes in metabolic reactions?
- Act as biological catalysts
- To speed up the rate of reaction
Define enzyme
A biological catalyst use to speed up metabolic reactions
What kind of energy is needed for active transport?
ATP Energy
What chemical elements are present in carbohydrates?
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
Define diffusion
The net movement of molecules or ions from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration
Define active transport
The uptake of molecules or ions across a partially permeable membrane from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration
How can temperature affect an enzyme?
- An increase in temperature can increase the speed at which an enzyme works
- The particles have more kinetic energy so there are more enzyme-substrate collisions so more enzyme-substrate complexes are formed so more product is formed
HOWEVER - At high temperatures of pH levels, the active site of the enzyme can denature
- Active site is no longer complementary to the substrate
- less enzyme-substrate complexes formed
- less product formed
