Paper 1 -long Term Effects Of Exercise Flashcards
Long term effects of exercise on the muscular system.
- Muscle hypertrophy increases
- Muscular strength increases
- Muscular endurance increases
- Resistance to fatigue increases
Long term effects of exercise on the muscular system. 1.muscle hypertrophy occurs.
1.muscle hypertrophy occurs
-the muscle mass increases in size and strength(hypertrophy) due to regular resistance training.
Long term effects of exercise on the muscular system. 2.muscular strength increases.
2.muscular strength increases
-as the muscles adapt to regular high intensity strength training they become stronger.
-muscle fibres become thicker and can operate with more strength. The strength of the tendons also increase.
Long term effects of exercise on the muscular system. 3.muscular endurance increases.
3.muscular endurance increases.
-as the muscles adapt to regular endurance training they become able to work for longer periods of time.
Long term effects of exercise on the muscular system. 4.resistance to fatigue increases.
4.resistance to fatigue increases
-as the muscles adapt to regular training they increase the amount of time they can work before fatiguing. They have higher tolerance to lactic acid.
-muscles have become stronger and more efficient meaning they can create more energy to delay the onset of being tired.
Long term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system.
1.cardiac hypertrophy occurs.
2.resting HR decreases.
3.resting SC increases.
4.recovery rate increases.
5.capillarisation increases.
Long term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system. 1. Cardiac hypertrophy increases.
1.cardiac hypertrophy increases.
-the heart is a muscle so as a result of training it becomes larger and stronger.
-each beat forces out a large amount of blood.
Long term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system. 2.resting HR increases.
2.resting HR increases.
-cardiac hypertrophy means more blood is pumped out of the heart per best (SV) meaning it takes less beats per minute (HR) to supply the blood needed.
-this means there is less strain on the heart at rest.
-filter athletes have lower resting heart rates.
Long term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system. 3.resting SV increases.
3.resting SV increases.
-as the heart is larger in size and stronger it can pump more blood in each beat (SV)
Long term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system. 4.recovery rate increases.
4.recovery rate increases.
-training will result in heart rate recovering quicker after exercise as the bigger,stronger heart can deliver blood quicker to produce a quicker recovery rate (heart rate back to resting)
Long term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system. 5.capillarisation increases.
5.capillarisation increases.
-training means new capillaries can be produced. Allowing more blood flow and therefore more oxygen to the working muscles (more gaseous exchange)
-also existing capillaries before more efficient.
Long term effects of exercise on the respiratory system.
1.aerobic capacity increases.
2.respiratory muscles become stronger.
3.tidal volume during exercise increases.
4.minute ventilation during exercise increases.
Long term effects of exercise on the respiratory system. 1.aerobic capacity increases.
1.aerobic capacity increases.
-through endurance training gaseous exchange at the alveoli can be improved. This allows better delivery of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide to and from the working muscles.
-this means an athlete can continue to provide the oxygen needed to create energy therefore being aerobically fitter due to this increases aerobically capacity.
Long term effects of exercise on the respiratory system. 2.respiratory muscles become stronger.
2.respiratory muscles become stronger.
-this allows more air to be breathed in and out.
-this means more oxygen can be delivered to the working muscles and more CO2 and waste can be disposed of.
-the resting respiratory will decrease showing an increase in fitness of the athlete.
Long term effects of exercise on the respiratory system. 3.tidal volume during exercise increases.
3.tidal volume during exercise increases.
Long term effects of exercise on the respiratory system. 4.minute ventilation during exercise increases.
4.minute ventilation during exercise increases.
-an athletes lung size will increase as a result so will their tidal volume and ability to provide a steady flow of oxygenated blood.
-the more oxygen they can deliver to the muscles the more energy they will be able to create.
Long term effects of exercise on the skeletal system.
1.bone density increases.
Long term effects of exercise on the skeletal system. 1.bone density increases.
1.bone density increases.
-regular weight bearing training will strengthen bones, usually weight machines/resistance training.
-thicker bones allow more force to be delivered and more pressure to be withstood.
-it also helps prevent the onset of osteoporosis.
-thicker cartilage on the end of bones.
