Paper 1 -Axis, Planes And Levers

Question 1

Frontal plane

Answer 1

-the plane of movement that divides the body into front and back halves.
-addiction and abduction.
- F for Front and back.
-E.g butterfly stroke.
-pairs with the frontal axis
-FF ST TL

Question 2

Frontal axis

Answer 2

-the frontal axis is passed horizontally through the body from back to front.
-pairs with the frontal plane
-E.g cartwheel
-FF ST TL

Question 3

Sagittal plane

Answer 3

-divides the left and right sides of the body.
-flexion, extension and circumduction.
-S for Sides.
-E.g chess pass in a game of netball.
-pairs with transverse axis.
- FF ST TL

Question 4

Transverse axis

Answer 4

-the transverse axis passed through the centre of the body left to right.
-pairs with the sagittal plane.
-E.g table football.
-FF ST TL

Question 5

Transverse plane

Answer 5

-divides top and bottom of the body.
-rotation.
-T for Top to bottom OR T for Top and Tail.
-E.g discus throw
-pairs with the longitudinal axis.
-FF ST TL

Question 6

Longitudinal axis

Answer 6

-longitudinal axis passes vertically through the body top and bottom.
-Pairs with the transverse axis
-E.g spinning like a kebab
-FF ST TL

Question 7

Lever systems

Answer 7

-lever systems are used to move a load or move a load further or faster.
-when a levers effort arm is short than its load arm its said to have a mechanical advantage.
-when a resistance arm is longer than its effort arm, it had a mechanical disadvantage.

Question 8

What does a lever system consist of?

Answer 8

-a rigid structure(bone).
- a force acting upon it(muscle) to produce a turning movement.
-a fulcrum which is a fixed point(joint).
-a load or resistance that is placed on the rigid structure(weight of body part being moved and anything that it is carrying).

Question 9

First class lever system

Answer 9

• 1,2,3,F,L,E
  -1andF therefore fulcrum is in the middle.
  -first class lever system had a mechanical advantage.
  -E.g a high jumper moving their head backwards to clear the bar and see the mat,
  -E.g a gymnast tucking their chin to perform a forwards roll.

Question 10

Second class lever system

Answer 10

-1,2,3,F,L,E
-2 and L therefore load is in the middle.
-second class lever system have a mechanical advantage.
-E.g a long jumper going up onto their top road as they take off from the board.
-E.g a diver on their tip toes at the edge of the board before they dive.

Question 11

Third class lever systems

Answer 11

-1,2,3,F,L,E
-3and E therefore effort is in the middle.
-third class levers have a mechanical disadvantage.
-E.g a fielder in cricket as they bring their arm through to release the ball.
-E.g somebody lifting the weight during a bicep curl.

Question 12

Mechanical advantage

Answer 12

-lever systems that allow you to move a heavier load with a relatively small amount of effort/force is a mechanical advantage.
-first and second class lever system have a mechanical advantage.
-when a levers effort arm is shorter than its load arm, it is said to have a mechanical advantage.

Question 13

Mechanical disadvantage

Answer 13

-when a resistance arm is longer than its effort arm, it has a mechanical disadvantage.
-mechanical disadvantage means that joints can move very quickly over a large range of movement. Therefore require large amounts of effort to move a small load.
-third class lever systems have a mechanical disadvantage.