Paper 1 Hot Topics Flashcards

Question

What was the HM case study? What theory does it support?

Answer 1

HM suffered with extreme epilepsy Had his hippocampus removed. His condition improved but he suffered from memory loss. He was still able to create STM but was unable to form new LTM Supports multi-store memory model as STM was fine but he couldn't transfer to LTM

Answer 2

Too simplistic Working memory model opposing argument Nomathetic R.S of HM

Answer 3

Evidence provided in court by someone who witnessed a crime

Answer 4

Post event discussion Leading questions Anxiety

Answer 5

A question without an open end

Answer 6

45 students How fast were the cars going when they ******* into each other Smashed 40.8 Contacted 31.8 150 participants One group smashed, One hit, one control Did you see any broken glass Over double said yes when smashed

Answer 7

conversations taking place after a crime happened

Answer 8

60 people Participants watched vid of girl stealing money When pairs watched it, 1 saw, 1 didn't 71% said they saw the crime when they didn't 60% said guilty

Answer 9

No weapon - person left lab holding pen Weapon - heard argument/ fight sounds. A person ran out with a bloodied letter opener No weapon - person identified 49% of the time Weapon 33% of the time

Answer 10

Too much anxiety prevents recall

Answer 11

Help improve the EWT system Overly simplistic Nomothetic Research support of the Yerkes-Dodson effect

Answer 12

After a real life shooting, 13 of the 21 witnesses agreed to reinterview after 4 months. They were compared to the real police interviews The findings were that accuracy hardly dropped. Colours were less accurate

Answer 13

Has been suggested they play the role of a mate rather than care giver

Answer 14

Small role in child rearing Go to work and be bread winner

Answer 15

Filmed 4 month old babies with face to face interactions with: Mothers as primary care giver Fathers as primary caregiver Fathers as secondary caregiver They found that primary caregiver fathers (like mothers) spent more time smiling, imitating, and holding infants compared to secondary caregiver fathers

Answer 16

Application - educating fathers on child care Socially sensitive (single mothers offended) Lots of other factors effect a childs development Doesn't explain why children without fathers develop the same way

Answer 17

Where people live for a long time

Answer 18

The effects of growing up in a children's home or orphanage

Answer 19

165 Romanian orphaned kids 111 adopted by 2, 54 by 4 Compared to 52 British adoptees Assessed at 4, 6, 11 and 15 Children adopted after 6 months showed significant problems including cognitive and physical underdevelopment **(these were classified as recently attached - later classified as disinhibited attachment).** **They had symptoms similar to autism** Before 6 months caught up with brits

Answer 20

Intellectual under-functioning Disinhibited attachment Poor parenting Physical underdevelopment Emotional problems difficulties with peers

Answer 21

Insecure attachment where they don't discriminate between people who they choose as attachment figures. Very over friendly

Answer 22

Research was longitudinal Interviews are is subjective Different children responds in different ways to institutionalisation Research contained a huge number of extraneous variables

Answer 23

Dads are more playful and physically active Mums are more nurturing They have different attachment roles

Answer 24

Panic Avoidance Endurance

Answer 25

Anxiety - much higher than it should be

Answer 26

Selective attention Irrational beliefs Cognitive distortions - People see heir phobias as worse than they are

Answer 27

The behaviours explanation

Answer 28

1) Classical conditioning leads to phobia acquisition 2) Operant conditioning reinforces phobia

Answer 29

Phobias are acquired through association

Answer 30

Watson gave little albert a white rat - no response Watson played loud banging noises - this made hime cry Both were given together The mouse became a conditioned stimulus Watson and Raynor

Answer 31

Avoidance of fears is negative reinforcement as they feel better having avoided it

Answer 32

Used in therapy (flooding and desensitisation) Based on animal studies Opposed by diathesis stress model Many don't know how they gained a phobia

Answer 33

Poor concentration Poor decision making Only focus on the negative Absolutist thinking (if a tiny thing goes wrong this is a disaster)

Answer 34

The cognitive explanation

Answer 35

Thoughts are responsible for depression

Answer 36

Faulty info processing Negative self schema The cognitive triad

Answer 37

Overgeneralisations - A sweeping conclusion is drawn off a single incident Catastrophising - A minor set back is exaggerated to a complete disaster

Answer 38

The info on how we view ourselves Ineptness - We expect to fail Self-blame - Everything is their fault Negative self-evaluation - The individual is worthless

Answer 39

Negative views on: World Self Future

Answer 40

Activating event Belief (thoughts) Consequence (behaviour)

Answer 41

Treatments like CBT have been made Cause and effect is an issue Doesn't explain where depression comes from Becks theory doesn't explain all aspects of depression (people have differing symptoms)