PANS-ATM - Seperation

Question 1

Separation with aircraft using the same navaid

Answer 1

VOR - Radials diverging by at least 15 deg and with one aircraft at least 15nm from the station
NDB - Tracks to or from diverging by at least 30 deg with one aircraft at least 15nm from the station
GNSS - Both aircraft established on a track between two way points(with zero offset), distance dependant on altitude

Question 2

Timed separation of aircraft at the same cruising level

Answer 2

10 min - if navaids permit frequent determination of position and speed
5 min - if the preceding aircraft is 20kt or more faster and both aircraft have departed the same ad or report over the same point
3 min - - if the preceding aircraft is 40kt or more faster and both aircraft have departed the same ad or report over the same point

Question 3

Separation on departure

Answer 3

One min separation is required for aircraft flying on tracks diverging by greater than 45 deg after t/o.
2 mins required between aircraft on same track with preceding aircraft 40kt+ faster

Question 4

Separation between arriving and departing aircraft

Answer 4

When an aircraft is making an IAP, an aircraft may depart in any direction until the arriving aircraft has started its procedure turn or base leg turn
In a direction which is at least 45 deg from the reciprocal of the direction of approach after the arriving aircraft has started its procedure or base turn.