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NRSG 477 > Pandemic flu > Flashcards

Pandemic flu Flashcards

1
Q

Endemic

A

Regularly occurring in a given population

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2
Q

Epidemic

A

More than the expected number of cases

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3
Q

Pandemic

A

worldwide epidemic

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4
Q

What is one illness that is endemic in montana?

A

West Nile Virus

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5
Q

Influenza (general definition)

A

Viral respiratory tract infection, airborne transmission via direct contact with infected droplets
-Episodic in nature

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6
Q

What are the three types of influenza?

A

A, B and C

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7
Q

T/F Influenza is episodic in nature

A

True

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8
Q

Type A Influenza

A

Most virulent, responsible for most large outbreaks

  • Minor and MAJOR antigenic changes (antigenic shifts)
  • Categorized based on two surface proteins and antigens
  • Found in many wild birds, domestic chickens, pigs and humans
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9
Q

Which type of influenza is the most virulent, responsible for most large outbreaks

A

Type A Influenza

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10
Q

Mixing vessels

A

Strains are mixing b/n animals- creating new novel strains.

The reassortment of genetic material

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11
Q

What allows for mixing vessels

A

Migration

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12
Q

How Influenza A viruses are named

A/Hong Kong/156/97 (H2N1)

A

Type/Location isolation/lab/year (Hx/Nx)

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13
Q

In nonhuman infections the naming includes the host

A

A/chicken/Hong Kong/G9/97 (H9N2)

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14
Q

Complications of Influenza

A

Viral and bacterial pneumonia, death

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15
Q

What are the 3 highest risk groups for influenza

A

Pregnancy, elderly, infants (babies <2mo)

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16
Q

Efficacy of flu vaccine in elderly.

A

Decreases with age. Will increase doses; good vaccine only 40% effective in elderly. This is d/t poorer immune systems
-We will vaccinate those around them.

17
Q

Pandemic flu of 1918: Who did it hit the hardest? How did they grow this virus?

A

Hit young adults the worst; comes on suddenly

Grew vital cultures in chicken eggs

18
Q

3 conditions for an influenza pandemic

A
  1. Novel virus emerges
  2. Transmissible between species
  3. Easily transmitted human-human
19
Q

Influenza pandemics occur roughly how often?

A

Roughly every 30-40 years

20
Q

Pandemic Flu stages: Current WHO pandemic stage for Avian flu H5N1*

A

Alert

21
Q

Pandemic Flu stages: WHO pandemic stage for novel H1N1

A

Post-pandemic

22
Q

What is your advice to a family that wants to keep backyard poultry?

A
  • Great hand hygiene
  • Recommend against direct handling of poultry
  • What to do with a sick chicken
23
Q

5 Categories of surveillance

A

1) Viral surveillance- Keeping track of the +’s
2) Surveillance for Novel type A virus
3) Outpatient illness surveillance
4) Mortality surveillance
5) Hospitalization surveillance

24
Q

Can there be a novel type B influenza?

A

NO; only type A has the antigenic changes

25
Q

Clinical manifestations needed to dx Influenza

A

Fever > 100.0 and cough or sore throat- fever like illness

26
Q

What type of vaccine is the 2019-2020 influenza vaccine

A

Trivalent

27
Q

What strains do the trivalent influenza vaccine include

A

A, A & B
A-Brisbane
A-Kansas
B- Colorado

28
Q

What strains will the quadrivalent vaccine include

A

AA, BB

29
Q

What is the recommended use for the population to receive the Influenza vaccine

A

EVERYONE >6 months without contraindications

30
Q

Contraindications to the Influenza vaccine

A

Previous SEVERE allergic rxn to INFLUENZA vaccine.
Acute illness at time of illness
History of egg allergy of any severity- may receive any licensed, recommended, and age appropriate influenza vaccine

31
Q

T/F Recombinant vaccines are grown in chicken eggs

A

False; they are not

32
Q

What are the four available influenza vaccines

A

Inactivated IIV- Trivalent or quadrivalent
Recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV) (not in chicken)
Live attenuated (LIV)- Flu mist spray
High dose inactivated influenza vaccine (HD-IIV3) Elders, via an attempt to get a better immune response.

33
Q

Antiviral medications

A

Oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu)
Zanamivir (Relenza)
Peramivir & Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza)

34
Q

Considerations for antiviral medication: Oseltamivir Phosphate (Tamiflu)

A

Must be at least 2 weeks old

35
Q

Considerations for antiviral medication: Zanamivir (Relenza)

A

Must be at least 8 years old

36
Q

Influenza and HP2020: Target

A

Targets INCREASED vaccination against influenza AND pneumococcal disease

37
Q

HP2020 call on nurses and influenza

A

Call on nurses to develop interventions that will increase vaccination RATES: Flu shots at polling places, churches, schools

38
Q

CDC pandemic mitigations recommendations

A 
Immunization
Antiviral medications
Isolation and treatment
Home quarantine
Use of social distancing measures
39
Q

Ex: A 30 yr old school teacher suddenly gets sick with fever and resp. illness; pt. has wife and 2 babies at home.
What does he do?

A

Offer Tamiflu

Give Tamiflu to 3 mo baby and wife

NRSG 477 (11 decks)

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