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NRSG 477 > Hepatits > Flashcards

Hepatits Flashcards

1
Q

General symptoms of hepatitis

A 
Loss of appetite
Fatigue
URQ pain
Jaundice
Clayish or whitish color stool
Dark urine
Diarrhea
Fever
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2
Q

Mortality risks

A

Direct relation of magnitude of the case
Treatment of the sickness
Health of the infected individuals immune system
-Seeing an increase in types A & B in middle ages

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3
Q

Hepatitis A

A

Does not lead to a chronic illness
Spread by fecal or oral routes
Contaminated food/water

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4
Q

How is Hep A spread?

A

Fecal oral route

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5
Q

Can Hep A lead to chronic disease?

A

No

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6
Q

Hepatitis A symptoms

A

Symptoms appear 2-6 weeks after exposure
Last several weeks to months
Severity of symptoms vary
Age is variable
**Once you have recovered from the disease, you are immune for life
Rarely fatal
Can be infectious 2 weeks prior to symptoms

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7
Q

T/F with Hep A once you have recovered from the disease you are immune for life?

A

True

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8
Q

Geographical distributions of Hep A

A

Areas with high levels of infections-poor undeveloped countries, 90% of children infected <10yrs of age
Areas with intermediate levels of infection-developing countries, children often escape infection in early childhood and higher susceptibility in adults
Areas with low levels of infection- developed countries, higher susceptibility in adults

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9
Q

HAV virus Diagnosis, TX and prevention

A

Dx: Blood test
Tx: Immunoglobulin for Sx, healthy diet, lots of fluids, no ETOH and avoid some meds
P: Vaccination, sanitary practices, travelers

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10
Q

Who gets HAV vaccination?

A 
Anyone >1 yr
Men who have sex with men
IV drug use
Childcare centers
Nursing homes
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11
Q

Who shouldn’t get HAV vaccination?

A

Children <1yr

Pregnant or nursing mothers

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12
Q

Hepatitis B- HBV Transmission

A

Blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and other body fluids

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13
Q

HBV S/Sx

A

No Sx
Feel sick for a period of days or weeks
May become very ill (fulminate hepatitis)
** Acute cases and CAN become CHRONIC

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14
Q

**Kids are more likely to develop chronic infection

A

<1 yr = 90% chance

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15
Q

T/F Most adults are not able to clear an HBV infection

A

False; Most can on 25% cases become chronic

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16
Q

Incubation period of HBV

A

average 90 days

-Virus can be detected 30-60 days after infection and persists for variable periods of time.

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17
Q

** HBsAG- hepatitis B surface antigen

A

first to show abnormal results: reflects ACUTE issue

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18
Q

** HBsAb

A

Sign of Immunity to subsequent infection.
Appears 4 weeks after HBsAg disappears
Signifies end of an acute infection phase

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19
Q

Which signifies the end of an acute infection phase: HBsAg or HBsAb?

A

HBsAb

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20
Q

A pt. has come into the hospital with RUQ pain and has a positive HBsAg what does this mean?

A

An acute case of hepatitis

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21
Q

Where is HBV endemic?

A

China and other parts of Asia
Middle east and indian subcontinent where 2-5% is chronic
<1% of wester Europe and north america

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22
Q

Which type of Hepatitis is greatly underreported?

A

Type B

23
Q

HBV Dx, Tx and Prevention

A

Dx: Blood test
Tx: Medications, rest and diet
P: Risk behaviors, VACCINATION
* don’t share toothbrushes or nail clippers

24
Q

Who should receive HBV vaccination?

A

All children receive 1st dose at birth and complete series by 6 months

  • healthcare workers
  • Men who have sex with men
  • Those with mult. sex partners
  • IV drugs
  • household contacts partners with HBV
25
Q

Hep C

A

Most common chronic bloodborne infection in US
Incubation period is 2 weeks to 6 months
80% people do not exhibit symptoms
Usually Sx appear when cirrhosis develops

26
Q

Incubation period of Hep C

A

2 weeks to 6 months

27
Q

In which type of Hepatitis do 80% not show symptoms and symptoms usually first appear when cirrhosis develops

A

Type C

28
Q

Acute phase of Hep C

A

Occurs in first 6 months after exposure
Can be short-term but often leads to chronic
REINFECTION IS POSSIBLE
15-25% able to clear infection

29
Q

T/F Once you have Hep C you are immune for life

A

FALSE; Being infected once does not make you immune

30
Q

Chronic phase of Hep C

A

Lifelong infection if left untreated

Can lead to cirrhosis, cancer, death

31
Q

This risk factor applies to which type of hepatitis: Received a blood transfusion before July 1992

A

Type C

32
Q

T/F kids born to Hep C mom; chronic development is 20% better than Hep B

A

True

33
Q

Geographical distribution: Highest rates (3 countries)

A

Egypt, Pakistan and China

- attributed to unsafe injections using contaminated equipment.

34
Q

In which age groups is HCV the highest

A

the youngest and the oldest

35
Q

HCV diagnosis

A 
Blood tests
Intermittent test for viral load
Genetic testing-six genotypes exist
-Genotype I in US
Liver Biopsy
36
Q

HCV prevention

A

No vaccination
Avoid contact with blood or blood products whenever possible
-Sexual transmission is very low among stable monogamous couples

37
Q

Is there an HCV vaccination?

A

No

38
Q

HCV treatment

A

Hep C is curable using antivirals
Remove the virus from the blood and reduce the risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer
Most patients receive weekly injections or pegylated interferon alfa
Ribavirin is a capsule taken BID
Treatment is given for 24-48 weeks
**Also recommended to get A and B vaccinations

39
Q

T/F Hep C is CURABLE with the use of antivirals

A

True

40
Q

How long to HCV treatment usually?

A

24-48 weeks

41
Q

Hep C and B healthcare workers Preventions

A

HCW HEP B vaccine
PPE
Standard precautions

42
Q

Hepatitis D

A

Transmission via blood and body fluids; same as B
For transmission, HBV MUST BE PRESENT
Usually resolves in a few months
Same prevention as other blood born hepatitis
PREVENTION: vaccination for HBV

43
Q

Which type of hepatitis require Hep B to be present?

A

Hep D

44
Q

Hepatitis E

A 
Transmits via fecal contaminants
Mostly ages 15-40
Diagnosis stool sample
No vaccine in US
Tx and prevention same as HAV.
45
Q

Hep E transmission

A

Fecal transmission

46
Q

Hep E diagnosis

A

Stool sample

47
Q

Hep E occur most in which age group

A

15-40

48
Q

Hep E prevention

A

Vaccination- only in china
Travelling
Sanitary practices

49
Q

Surveillance

A

Determining he mode of transmission
ID the population specifically exposed to increased risk of infection
Eliminating a common source of infection
Improving sanitary and hygienic practices to eliminate fecal contamination of food and water.

50
Q

Public health management

A

All professional staff on high alert for hepatitis
Screening panels ordered on all symptomatic persons
Confirmed cases immediately report to state health department and Billings area IHS office; federal, state, county, tribal.

51
Q

Where do we find cases of hepatitis?

A 
ER's
Treatment centers
Homeless sites
Adults book stores, massage parlors
Family planning
Institutional settings; mental health facilities, nursing homes.
52
Q

Public health measures

A

Raising awareness, promoting partnerships and mobilizing resources;
Evidence-based policy and data for action
Prevention of transmission and screening care and treatment

53
Q

Health education

A

Creative marketing- offering food at educational events
Media-campaigns
Pamphlets, posters, newspapers articles

NRSG 477 (11 decks)

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