Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phys 3…Ash, Heather, Alyssa > Pancreatic endocrinology > Flashcards

Pancreatic endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

What cells release glucagon?

A

alpha cells of islet of Langerhans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What cells release insulin?

A

beta cells of islet of Langerhans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Glucose associated with a meal triggers the release of ______ and reduces the level of _______.

A

Glucose associated with a meal triggers the release of insulin and reduces the level of glucagon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What effect does increased plasma insulin have on muscle cells?

A
  1. increase glucose uptake and utilization
  2. net glycogen synthesis
  3. net amino acid uptake
  4. net protein synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What effect does increased plasma insulin have on adipocytes?

A
  1. increase glucose uptake and utilization
  2. net triglyceride synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What effect does increased plasma insulin have on hepatocytes?

A
  1. increase glucose uptake
  2. net glycogen synthesis
  3. net triglyceride synthesis
  4. no ketone synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What effect does decreased plasma insulin have on muscle cells?

A
  1. decrease glucose uptake and utilization
  2. net glycogen catabolism
  3. net protein catabolism
  4. net amino acid release
  5. fatty acid uptake and utilization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What effect does decreased plasma insulin have on adipocytes?

A
  1. decrease glucose uptake and utilization
  2. net triglyceride catabolism and release of glycerol and fatty acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What effect does decreased plasma insulin have on hepatocytes?

A
  1. increase glucose release due to net glycogen catabolism and gluconeogenesis
  2. increase ketone synthesis and release
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name three other messengers that influence insulin release besides glucose, and their effect (stimulate, inhibit).

A

CCK, ACh: stimulate

Somatostatin, epi: inhibit

Glucagon, GIP: stimulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the trigger for glucagon release?

A

drop in plasma glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does glucagon have its effect?

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What effect does increased plasma glucagon have on the liver?

A
  1. increase glycogenolysis (glycogen breakdown)
  2. increase gluconeogenesis
  3. increase ketone synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The brain can utilize fatty acids as an energy source.

T/F

A

FALSE. Brain highly prefers glucose; can use ketones if necessary. NOT fatty acids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does increased plasma glucose lead to insulin release?

A
  1. glucose enters beta cell via GLUT2 transporter
  2. that glucose is used to create ATP
  3. increased level of ATP causes a potassium channel to close
  4. closure of potassium channel causes membrane to become more positive
  5. voltage-gated calcium channel opens
  6. influx of calcium causes insulin granules to merge with cell membrane, and insulin is released
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Formation of glucose by the liver (& kidneys) from pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, & amino acids is called what?

A

gluconeogenesis

17
Q

What effect does decreased plasma glucose have on the adrenal medulla?

A

triggers epinephrine secretion

18
Q

What effect does increased plasma epinephrine have on skeletal muscle?

A

increase glycogenolysis

19
Q

What effect does increased plasma epinephrine have on hepatocytes?

A
  1. increase glycogenolysis
  2. increase gluconeogenesis
20
Q

What effect does increased plasma epinephrine have on adipocytes?

A

increase lipolysis

21
Q

What is the net result of increased plasma epinephrine?

A
  1. increased plasma glucose
  2. increased plasma fatty acids
  3. increased plasma glycerol
22
Q

What is the net result of increased plasma glucagon?

A
  1. increased plasma glucose
  2. increased plasma ketones
23
Q

What effect does increased plasma amino acids have on pancreatic islet beta cells?

A

increased insulin secretion

24
Q

How is cortisol important for the postabsorptive state?

A

basal concentrations are permissive for stimulation of gluconeogenesis and lipolysis in the postabsorptive state

25
Q

What is the net result of increased plasma cortisol?

A

increased plasma concentrations of:

amino acids

glucose free

fatty acids

26
Q

What are the hormones that oppose the actions of insulin?

A

glucagon

epinephrine

cortisol

growth hormone

27
Q

How is it determined how much leptin to release?

A

Released in proportion to the amount of fat contained in adipose tissue

28
Q

What is the effect of leptin?

A
  1. acts on hypothalamus to reduce food intake by inhibiting the release of neuropeptide Y (NPY)
  2. increases metabolic rate
29
Q

Insulin and leptin are not transported across the blood-brain barrier.

T/F

A

FALSE. Both are transported across the BBB.

30
Q

Where is ghrelin released?

A

Ghrelin is a peptide synthesized and released by endocrine cells in the fundus of stomach

31
Q

What is the effect of ghrelin?

A

In the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, Ghrelin activates NPY neurons. NPY release stimulates eating!

Phys 3…Ash, Heather, Alyssa (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions