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Phys 3…Ash, Heather, Alyssa > Female Reproduction > Flashcards

Female Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

At birth, what is the state the eggs are in?

A

At birth, a female’s ovaries contain 2-4 million eggs in meiotic arrest of which 400 will mature to ovulation.

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2
Q

What happens to eggs each month?

A

activity in ovary resumes with first meiotic division into secondary oocyte (only 400 eggs do this over lifespan)

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3
Q

How many polar bodies are produced during the development of an oocyte?

A

2 polar bodies

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4
Q

When does the ovum complete its 2nd meiotic division?

A

after fertilization

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5
Q

The female gamete after ovulation and prior to fertilization is:

A. Oogonia

B. Primary oocyte

C. Secondary oocyte

D. Ovum

A

C. Secondary oocyte

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6
Q

The first polar body contains:

A. 46 chromosomes, 2 chromatids

B. 46 chromosomes, 1 chromatid

C. 23 chromosomes, 2 chromatids

D. 23 chromosomes, 1 chromatid

A

C. 23 chromosomes, 2 chromatids

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7
Q

What hormone stimulates the granulosa cells?

A

FSH

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8
Q

What hormone stimulates the thecal cells?

A

LH

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9
Q

What is the inhibitory action of baseline levels of estrogen?

A

inhibits FSH and LH from anterior pituitary

inhibits GnRH from hypothalamus

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10
Q

What is the inhibitory action of inhibin?

A

inhibits FSH from anterior pituitary

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11
Q

What is the first day of the menstrual cycle?

A

First day of bleeding

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12
Q

On what day of the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?

A

day 14

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13
Q

What causes the release of LH from the anterior pituitary?

A

A big burst of estrogen (from follicle)

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14
Q

What does the corpus luteum secrete?

A

Corpus luteum secretes estrogen, PROGESTERONE, and inhibin

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15
Q

What does the corpus luteum become if fertilization does not take place?

A

corpus albicans

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16
Q

Increased synthesis of estradiols is due to:

A. Proliferation of thecal cells

B. Proliferation of granulosa cells

C. Both

D. Neither

A

C. Both

Granulosa cells are producing aromatase

Thecal cells are producing androgens

aromatase + androgen = estradiol

17
Q

What are the inhibitory effects of progesterone?

A

Inhibits GnRH and LH

18
Q

What is the effect of estradiol on the uterus?

A

↑ cell proliferation & growth, ↑ contractility

19
Q

What is the effect of estradiol on the fallopian tubes?

A

↑ ciliary activity & contractility

20
Q

What is the effect of estradiol on the vagina?

A

↑ proliferation of epithelial cells

21
Q

What is the effect of progesterone on the uterus?

A

↑ secretions ↓ contractility ↑ differentiation

22
Q

What is the effect of progesterone on the fallopian tubes?

A

↑ secretions ↓ contractility

23
Q

What is the effect of progesterone on the vagina?

A

↑ differentiation ↓ proliferation

24
Q

What hormone dominates during the follicular phase?

A

estradiol

25
Q

What hormone dominates during the luteal phase?

A

progesterone

26
Q

Where does the corpus luteum come from?

A

The granulosa and theca cells form the corpus luteum after ovulation and produce large amounts of progesterone

27
Q

Secretion of gonadotropins is reduced during the luteal phase due to negative feedback associated with high progesterone levels.

A. True

B. False

A

A. True

28
Q

Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding the release of progesterone and estrogen during the menstrual cycle?

A. There is little estrogen produced during the follicular phase

B. There is a rapid increase in progesterone due to maturation of the follicle

C. Progesterone levels are higher in the luteal phase than follicular phase

D. Low levels of both hormones suppress the development of new follicles

A

C. Progesterone levels are higher in the luteal phase than follicular phase

29
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if there is implantation?

A

HCG secreted by chorion 
stimulates corpus luteum to stay alive and healthy, continues to produce progesterone and estrogen

30
Q

What prevents the release of prolactin?

A

dopamine

31
Q

What is unique about prolactin?

A

• Prolactin does not stimulate the secretion of another hormone

Phys 3…Ash, Heather, Alyssa (10 decks)

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