Female Reproduction

Question 1

At birth, what is the state the eggs are in?

Answer 1

At birth, a female’s ovaries contain 2-4 million eggs in meiotic arrest of which 400 will mature to ovulation.

Question 2

What happens to eggs each month?

Answer 2

activity in ovary resumes with first meiotic division into secondary oocyte (only 400 eggs do this over lifespan)

Question 3

How many polar bodies are produced during the development of an oocyte?

Answer 3

2 polar bodies

Question 4

When does the ovum complete its 2nd meiotic division?

Answer 4

after fertilization

Question 5

The female gamete after ovulation and prior to fertilization is:

A. Oogonia

B. Primary oocyte

C. Secondary oocyte

D. Ovum

Answer 5

C. Secondary oocyte

Question 6

The first polar body contains:

A. 46 chromosomes, 2 chromatids

B. 46 chromosomes, 1 chromatid

C. 23 chromosomes, 2 chromatids

D. 23 chromosomes, 1 chromatid

Answer 6

C. 23 chromosomes, 2 chromatids

Question 7

What hormone stimulates the granulosa cells?

Answer 7

FSH

Question 8

What hormone stimulates the thecal cells?

Answer 8

LH

Question 9

What is the inhibitory action of baseline levels of estrogen?

Answer 9

inhibits FSH and LH from anterior pituitary

inhibits GnRH from hypothalamus

Question 10

What is the inhibitory action of inhibin?

Answer 10

inhibits FSH from anterior pituitary

Question 11

What is the first day of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 11

First day of bleeding

Question 12

On what day of the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?

Answer 12

day 14

Question 13

What causes the release of LH from the anterior pituitary?

Answer 13

A big burst of estrogen (from follicle)

Question 14

What does the corpus luteum secrete?

Answer 14

Corpus luteum secretes estrogen, PROGESTERONE, and inhibin

Question 15

What does the corpus luteum become if fertilization does not take place?

Answer 15

corpus albicans

Question 16

Increased synthesis of estradiols is due to:

A. Proliferation of thecal cells

B. Proliferation of granulosa cells

C. Both

D. Neither

Answer 16

C. Both

Granulosa cells are producing aromatase

Thecal cells are producing androgens

aromatase + androgen = estradiol

Question 17

What are the inhibitory effects of progesterone?

Answer 17

Inhibits GnRH and LH

Question 18

What is the effect of estradiol on the uterus?

Answer 18

↑ cell proliferation & growth, ↑ contractility

Question 19

What is the effect of estradiol on the fallopian tubes?

Answer 19

↑ ciliary activity & contractility

Question 20

What is the effect of estradiol on the vagina?

Answer 20

↑ proliferation of epithelial cells

Question 21

What is the effect of progesterone on the uterus?

Answer 21

↑ secretions ↓ contractility ↑ differentiation

Question 22

What is the effect of progesterone on the fallopian tubes?

Answer 22

↑ secretions ↓ contractility

Question 23

What is the effect of progesterone on the vagina?

Answer 23

↑ differentiation ↓ proliferation

Question 24

What hormone dominates during the follicular phase?

Answer 24

estradiol

Question 25

What hormone dominates during the luteal phase?

Answer 25

progesterone

Question 26

Where does the corpus luteum come from?

Answer 26

The granulosa and theca cells form the corpus luteum after ovulation and produce large amounts of progesterone

Question 27

Secretion of gonadotropins is reduced during the luteal phase due to negative feedback associated with high progesterone levels. A. True B. False

Answer 27

A. True

Question 28

Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding the release of progesterone and estrogen during the menstrual cycle? A. There is little estrogen produced during the follicular phase B. There is a rapid increase in progesterone due to maturation of the follicle C. Progesterone levels are higher in the luteal phase than follicular phase D. Low levels of both hormones suppress the development of new follicles

Answer 28

C. Progesterone levels are higher in the luteal phase than follicular phase

Question 29

What happens to the corpus luteum if there is implantation?

Answer 29

HCG secreted by chorion 
stimulates corpus luteum to stay alive and healthy, continues to produce progesterone and estrogen

Question 30

What prevents the release of prolactin?

Answer 30

dopamine

Question 31

What is unique about prolactin?

Answer 31

• Prolactin does not stimulate the secretion of another hormone