Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology Block 8 > Pancreas And Parathyroid > Flashcards

Pancreas And Parathyroid Flashcards

1
Q

Does the pancreas have endocrine or exocrine functions

A

Both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the tight groups in the pancreas called

A

Islets of Langerhans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What releases insulin

A

Beta cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What releases glucagon

A

Alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What releases somatostatin

A

Delta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What releases pancreatic polypeptide

A

F cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What release Ghrelin

A

Epsilon cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do pancreatic cells communicate

A

Gap junctions and signaling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What degrades insulin

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What chains make up insulin

A

A, B, C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which chain is removed during production

A

The C chain

It’s secreted with insulin when its released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When is insulin secreted

A

When BG is high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What transporters bring glucose into the beta cell

A

GLUT2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Glucose is oxidized to make this

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

High ATP causes closure of what channels

A

ATP sensitive K channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What mechanism does insulin use to signal

A

Receptor tyrosine kinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • Insulin binds receptor
  • Receptors phosphorylate themselves and become active
  • they phosphorylate other proteins in the cell
  • receptor is destroyed
A

Know this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the actions of insulin

A
  • storage of excess energy
  • decrease blood glucose levels
  • decreases blood fat levels
  • decreases blood A.A. Levels
  • K taken up by cells
  • directly affects the hypothalamic satiety center
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the uncontrolled blood glucose due to loss of insulin production of function

A

Diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the treatment for Diabetes Mellitus

A

Lifelong insulin therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is another name for insulin dependent diabetes

A

Type 1/juvenile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What causes insulin dependent diabetes

A

Autoimmune destruction of B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are some symptoms of insulin dependent diabetes

A 
Increase BG levels, lipids, and proteins
Muscle wasting
Diabetic ketoacidosis 
Diuresis
Acidosis
Hyperkalemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What causes diabetes can ketoacidosis in insulin dependent diabetes

A

The utilization of fats as energy source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the treatment for insulin dependent diabetes

A

Lifelong insulin therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is another name for non insulin dependent diabetes

A

Type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What causes non-insulin dependent diabetes

A

Loss of insulin sensitivity due to chronic high levels of BG

28
Q

In insulin does your body make insulin

A

Yes, but the body does not respond to it

29
Q

What patients are more likely to have non-insulin dependent diabetes

A

Older, obese, hypertensive patients

30
Q

Why are retinal problems common in non-insulin dependent diabetes patients

A

Loss of auto-regulation of blood flow

31
Q

What is the treatment for non-insulin dependent diabetes

A 
Life style changes
Insulin sensitizers
Lose weight
Exercise 
Metformin
32
Q

How does metformin work

A

Increases the number of insulin receptors

33
Q

What makes glucagon

A

Alpha cells

34
Q

T/F glucagon is always released

A

False

It is stored until it is needed

35
Q

What stimulates the release of glucagon

A

Low BG
Meals rich in protein (unless glucose is also ingested)
Prolonged fasting
Exercise

36
Q

What inhibits the release of glucagon

A

Insulin

37
Q

What are the actions of glucagon

A 
Gs cAMP receptor
Increase BG
Increase gluconeogenesis
Increase glycogenolysis
Increase lipolysis
38
Q

What are some symptoms of hyperglucagonemia

A 
Weight loss
High BG
T2 diabetes
Necrolytic migratory erythema
Very rare
39
Q

What makes somatostatin

A

Delta cells

40
Q

What stimulates somatostatin

A

Ingestion of any food source

41
Q

What does somatostatin inhibit

A

Secretion of insulin and glucagon

42
Q

What makes pancreatic polypeptide

A

F cells

43
Q

What is the function of pancreatic polypeptide

A

Regulate all pancreas functions

44
Q

When is pancreatic polypeptide increased

A

After a protein meal, fasting, exercise

45
Q

When is pancreatic polypeptide decreased

A

Somatostatin

46
Q

What makes gremlin

A

Epsilon cells

47
Q

What is Grehlin?

A

A hunger hormone

48
Q

When is Grehlin released

A

When the stomach is empty

49
Q

What inhibits Grehlin

A

Insulin

50
Q

What do the parathyroid glands secrete

A

PTH

51
Q

What hormones are responsible for calcium homeostasis

A

Calcitonin
PTH
Vitamin D

52
Q

How do you maintain normal calcium blood levels

A

By balancing ingested calcium

And maintains normal calcium blood levels

53
Q

What increases blood calcium levels

A

PTH

Vit D

54
Q

What reduces blood calcium levels

A

Calcitonin

55
Q

Where is PTH stored

A

In the parathyroid gland

56
Q

When is PTH released

A

When free calcium levels are low

57
Q

What are the actions of the parathyroid hormone

A
  • Increase phosphate excretion and calcium reabsorption
  • dissolves bone
  • activates vitamin D to allow better absorption of calcium
58
Q

What is primary hyperparathyroidism

A

Too much PTH
Hypercalcemia
Weakened bones
Hypophosphatemia

59
Q

What is secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Due to Renal failure
Hypocalcemia
Weakened bones

60
Q

What is hypoparathyroidism

A

Due to Thyroid removal
Hypocalcemia
Hypophosphatemia

61
Q

What releases calcitonin

A

C cells of the thyroid

62
Q

Is calcitonin needed for humans?

A

No

63
Q

How does calcitonin work

A

Inhibits bone breakdown
Increases phosphate excretion
Reduces Ca reabsorption

64
Q

What is Vitamin D required for

A

Calcium reabsorption for diet

65
Q

What does lack of Vitamin D cause

A

Weak bones

66
Q

What do you need to make VitD

A

UV light and functioning kidneys

67
Q

What hormone increases the production of Vit D

A

PTH

Physiology Block 8 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions