Growth Hormone And Posterior Pituitary

Question 1

What releases GH

Answer 1

Anterior pituitary

Question 2

What inhibits GH

Answer 2

Somatostatin

Question 3

What are some effects of GH

Answer 3

• Regulates blood levels of all energy sources
• protein synthesis
• Organ growth
• linear bone growth
• somatomedins

Question 4

T/F GH is released in a pulsatile fashion

Answer 4

True, the pulse slows as you age

Question 5

What are the greatest stimulators of GH

Answer 5

Exercise and sleep

Question 6

What are the greatest inhibitors of GH

Answer 6

Obesity and old age

Question 7

Stimulates for GH

Answer 7

• decreased [glucose]
• decreased free [fatty acid]
• arginine
• fasting/starvation
• puberty hormones
• exercise
• stress
• stage 3/4 sleep
• alpha adrenergic agnoists

Question 8

Inhibitors of GH

Answer 8

• Increased [glucose]
• increased free [fatty acid]
• obesity
• senescence
• somatostatin
• somatomedins
• GH
• beta adrenergic agonists
• pregnancy

Question 9

WHat happens when GH binds its receptor

Answer 9

Phosphorylation of intracellular proteins

Alteration of transcription and translation and protein production and expression

Question 10

GH increases levels of what

Answer 10

BG, A.A, lips levels

Question 11

What does somatomedins do?

Answer 11

Increase the use of BG, A.A., and lipid levels

Question 12

GH works with _____ to allow for growth of organs, muscle tissue, and long bones

Answer 12

IGF-1

Question 13

What are GH deficiencies usually caused by

Answer 13

Pituitary damage

Question 14

GH deficiencies in newborns are _____

Answer 14

Congenital

Question 15

Newborn GH deficiency characteristics

Answer 15

Failure to grow and develop normally in the first months

-must give GH to catch up

Question 16

GH deficiencies in children and adults are _____

Answer 16

Acquired

Question 17

Characteristics of GH deficiencies in children are

Answer 17

Short stature
Underdeveloped features
Poor bone density
Low muscle mass
Late puberty

Question 18

Characteristics of GH deficiencies in adults

Answer 18

Loss of lean muscle, obesity
Poor bone density
Increased risk of cardiovascular disease

Question 19

What effect does excess GH have in newborns and children

Answer 19

Pituitary gigantism
Very rare
Increased linear growth 
Very tall
Early mortality

Question 20

What is acromegaly

Answer 20

GH excess after closure of growth plates

• pituitary tumor
• growth of soft tissues and organs
• cardiovascular issues
• characteristic physical features
• growth of fingers, nose, ear
• no height gain
• insulin resistance
• possible peripheral vision loss

Question 21

The posterior pituitary directly releases hormones into the blood stream

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

Does the posterior pituitary make hormones?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

What are 2 hormones that are stored and released from the posterior pituitary

Answer 23

Oxytocin

ADH

Question 24

Where is ADH made

Answer 24

Supraoptic nucleus

Question 25

Where is oxytocin made

Answer 25

Paraventricular nucleus

Question 26

When is ADH release

Answer 26

When Posm is too high

BV is too low

Question 27

What affect does ADH have

Answer 27

Inserts aquaporins into tubules

Allows reabsorption of water

Question 28

Is ADH a vasoconstrictor or dilator?

Answer 28

Constrictor

A.k.a. Vasopressin

Question 29

What stimulates ADH release

Answer 29

Increased serum osm
Decreased ECF volume
Ang2
Pain
Nausea
Hypoglycemia
Nicotine
Opiates
Antineoplastic drugs

Question 30

What inhibits ADH release

Answer 30

Decreased serum Osm
Ethanol
Alpha adrenergic agonists
ANP

Question 31

What does too much ADH cause

Answer 31

Diabetes insipidus

You retain too much water and cant dilute urine

Question 32

What affect does oxytocin have

Answer 32

Milk ejection during breast feeding, contractions of uterus

Question 33

What stimulates oxytocin

Answer 33

Suckling
Sight, sound, smell of infant
Dilation of cervix
Orgasm

Question 34

What inhibits oxytocin

Answer 34

Opioids