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Physiology Block 8 > H-P-Adrenal Axis > Flashcards

H-P-Adrenal Axis Flashcards

1
Q

The HPA axis is mainly concerned with this

A

Production of steroid hormones from the adrenal Cortex

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2
Q

What hormone does the hypothalamus release

A

CRH

Corticosteroid releasing hormone

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3
Q

What does the anterior pituitary release

A

ACTH

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4
Q

What hormone does the adrenal cortex release

A

Glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

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5
Q

Does the HPA axis have short or long loop feedbacks

A

Both

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6
Q

What affect does cortisol have during fasting

A

Maintain blood glucose levels
Increase protein catabolism
Crease fatty acid utilization
Reduces inflammation and suppresses the immune system

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7
Q

Where are the adrenal glands

A

On top of the kidneys

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8
Q

What are the 2 regions of the adrenal glands

A

Medulla

Cortex

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9
Q

What hormones do the medulla make

A

Ep

And NEp

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10
Q

What are the 3 layers of the the adrenal cortex

A

Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculate
Zona reticularis

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11
Q

What hormone does the zona glomerulosa secrete

A

Aldosterone

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12
Q

What hormone does the zona fasciculate secrete

A

Cortisol

Androgens

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13
Q

What hormone does the zona reticularis

A

Cortisol and androgens

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14
Q

Medullary hormones are made from what Amino acid

A

Tyrosine

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15
Q

What are cortical hormones derived from

A

Cholesterol

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16
Q

What is 21B hydorxylase deficiency

A

Loss of aldosterone and cortisol production

Overproduction of androgens

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17
Q

Glucocorticoids and adrenal androgens are normally pulsatile. What does this mean?

A

Controlled by circadian rhythm

Normally no exogenous control

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18
Q

Levels of glucocorticoids and adrenal androgens rise before waking and peak after

Why?

A

Prepares us to wake up and move prior to a meal

-raises blood glucose and mobilizes other energy stores

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19
Q

What is a powerful stimulus for cortisol release

A

Stress

Can cause weight gain and illness

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20
Q

Does decreased blood cortisol levels stimulate or inhibit ACTH

A

Stimulate

21
Q

Does sleep wake transition stimulate or inhibit ACTH

A

Stimulate

22
Q

Does stress, hypoglycemia, surgery, trauma stimulate or inhibit ACTH

A

Stimulate

23
Q

Do psychiatric disturbances stimulate or inhibit ACTH

A

Stimulate

24
Q

ADH stimulate or inhibit ACTH

A

Stimulate

25
Q

Alpha-adrenergic agonists stimulate or inhibit ACTH

A

Stimulate

26
Q

Beta adrenergic antagonists stimulate or inhibit ACTH

A

Stimulate

27
Q

Serotonin stimulate or inhibit ACTH

A

Stimulate

28
Q

Increased blood cortisol levels stimulate or inhibit ACTH

A

Inhibit

29
Q

Opioids stimulate or inhibit ACTH

A

Inhibit

30
Q

Somatostatin stimulate or inhibit ACTH

A

Inhibit

31
Q

What controls mineralocorticoids

A

RAAS

Blood potassium levels

32
Q

What do mineralocorticoids do

A

Retain Na and H2O

Secrete K

33
Q

What does cortisol do

A

Maintain blood glucose levels

34
Q

What does cortisol stimulate

A

Gluconeogenesis by the liver
Inhibits production of inflammatory molecules
Inhibits proliferation of lymphocytes
Inhibits platelets activation

35
Q

What is Addison’s disease

A

Primary hypocortisolism

36
Q

What are some symptoms of Addison’s disease

A 
Adrenals don't make enough cortical hormones
Hypoglycemia
Weight loss
Muscle weakness
Hypotension
Hyperkalema
Metabolic acidosis
Hyperpigmentation
37
Q

What causes hyperpigmentation in Addison’s disease

A

Overproduction of ACTH and MSH

MSH causes activation o melanocytes and skin darkening

38
Q

What is Cushing’s syndrome

A

Primary hypercortisolism

39
Q

What causes Cushing’s syndrome

A

Too much cortisol

40
Q

What are some symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome

A 
Hyperglycemia
Weight gain
Central obesity
Moon face
Buffalo humo
Muscle wasting
Hypertension
Striae
Virilization in females
41
Q

What cause virilization in women with Cushing’s syndrome

A

Overflow of androgen production

42
Q

Do people with Cushing’s have high or low aldosterone

A

High

43
Q

What is another name for secondary hypercortisolosm

A

Cushing’s disease

44
Q

What causes Conn Syndrome

A

Aldosterone secreting tumor

Primary hyperaldosteronism

45
Q

What are some symptoms of Conn syndrome

A

Hypertension
Hypokalemia
Alkalosis

46
Q

What causes congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

Dysfunction in one of the enzymes required for adrenal function

47
Q

What is 21B hydroxylase deficiency

A

Loss of both cortisol and aldosterone

48
Q

What is a symptom of 2B hydroxylase deficiency

A

Virilization in male and females

49
Q

What is 17a hydroxylase deficiency

A

Loss of cortisol and adrenal androgens

Over production of aldosterone

Physiology Block 8 (8 decks)

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