Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine System > Pancreas and Diabetes (ARROYO) > Flashcards

Pancreas and Diabetes (ARROYO) Flashcards

1
Q

You’re treating a patient who is abnormally short and find normal blood levels of growth hormone. Based on this evidence, what can you determine about the patient?

A. The patient has a tumor in the pituitary gland

B. The patient lacks a functional pituitary gland

C. The patient lacks receptors for growth hormone

D. The patient lacks a functional circulatory system

A

C. The patient lacks receptors for growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When two or more hormones work together to
produce a particular result, their effects are:

A) Permissive.
B) Antagonistic.
C) Synergistic.
D) Inhibitory.

A

C) Synergistic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sam age 40, comes to the clinic, troubled by swelling in
his face and unusual fat deposition on his back and
abdomen. To make everything more concerning he
thinks he is developing breast. What is your diagnosis,
and what glands might be causing the problem?

A) Cushing’s Syndrome; ACTH
B) Giantism; ACTH
C) Cushing’s Syndrome; GH
D) Giantism; GH

A

A) Cushing’s Syndrome; ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Grave’s disease, Myxedema and Cretinism are
examples of disease associated an abnormal
functioning of:

A) Kidneys
B) Gonads
C) Thyroid Gland
D) Posterior Pituitary Gland

A

D) Posterior Pituitary Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What will happen if we have increase in osmotic
pressure in the extracellular cell fluids (ECF)?

A) increase ADH
B) decrease ADH
C) increase in testosterone
D) decrease in testosterone

A

A) increase ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which of the following lie along the superior border of each kidney?

A. Pineal gland

B. Pituitary gland

C. Thyroid gland

D. Adrenal gland

A

D. Adrenal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

All of the following are true regarding the Adrenal cortex EXCEPT:

A. Produces epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine

B. Stores lipids, especially cholesterol and fatty acids

C. Manufactures steroid hormones (corticosteroids)

D. All of the above are true

A

A. Produces epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

All of the following are true regarding the Adrenal medulla EXCEPT:

A. Secretory activities controlled by sympathetic system

B. Produces epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine

C. Metabolic changes persist for several minutes

D. All of the above are true

A

D. All of the above are true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

All of the following are secreted from the Adrenal cortex EXCEPT:

A. Aldosterone

B. Cortisol

C. Epinephrine

D. All of the above are secreted from the adrenal cortex

A

C. Epinephrine

Adrenal Cortex = Aldosterone and Cortisol

Adrenal Medulla = Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

note: Adrenal Cortex start with the letters AC, and it secretes Aldosterone and Cortisol (AC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 layers of the Adrenal Cortex from outtermost layer to innermost layer?

A

Zona Glomerulosa (outtermost)

Zona Fasciculata (middle)

Zona Reticularis (innermost_

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a prime example of a mineralcorticoid?

A

Aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of the following layers of the adrenal cortex produces mineralcorticoids?

A. Zona Glomerulosa

B. Zona Fasciculata

C. Zona Reticularis

D. Two of the above

E. All of the above

A

A. Zona Glomerulosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which of the following layers of the adrenal cortex produces Aldosterone?

A. Zona Glomerulosa

B. Zona Fasciculata

C. Zona Reticularis

D. Two of the above

E. All of the above

A

A. Zona Glomerulosa

Aldosterone is a mineralcorticoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Aldosterone:

A. Stimulates conservation of sodium ions and elination of potassium ions

B. Inreases sensitivity of salt receptors in taste buds

C. Secretion responds to drop in blood Na+, blood volume, blood pressure or a rise in K+ concetration

D. Is produced in the adrenal cortex

E. All of the above

A

E. All of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which of the following layers of the adrenal cortex produces Cortisol?

A. Zona Glomerulosa

B. Zona Fasciculata

C. Zona Reticularis

D. Two of the above

E. All of the above

A

B. Zona Fasciculata

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which of the following is a glucocorticoid?

A. Aldosterone

B. Cortisol

A

B. Cortisol

Aldosterone = mineralcorticoid

Cortisol = glucocorticoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which of the following layers of the adrenal cortex produces Glucocorticoids?

A. Zona Glomerulosa

B. Zona Fasciculata

C. Zona Reticularis

D. Two of the above

E. All of the above

A

B. Zona Fasciculata

Zona Glomerulosa = Mineralcorticoids

Zona Fasciculata = Glucocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The Zona Fasciculata produces glucocorticoids such as cortisol. The liver converts cortisol to cortisone. Cortisol has inhibitory effects on all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

B. FSH

C. ACTH

D. All of the above exhibit inhibitory effects from cortisol

A

B. FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

All of the following are true regarding Glucocorticoids EXCEPT:

A. accelerate glucose synthesis and glycogen formation

B. show anti-inflammatory effects

C. should not be used for long periods of time due to Cushing’s disease-like effects

D. a common side effect is increased susceptibility to infection

E. All of the above are true

A

E. All of the above are true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which of the following layers of the adrenal cortex produces Androgens under stimulation by ACTH?

A. Zona Glomerulosa

B. Zona Fasciculata

C. Zona Reticularis

D. Two of the above

E. All of the above

A

C. Zona Reticularis

Zona Glomerulosa = Aldosterone

Zona Fasciculata = Cortisol

Zona Reticularis = Androgens

21
Q

Which of the following forms a narrow band bordering each adrenal medulla?

A. Zona Glomerulosa

B. Zona Fasciculata

C. Zona Reticularis

D. Two of the above

E. All of the above

A

C. Zona Reticularis

22
Q

What are the two disorders associated with the Adrenal Cortex?

A

Cushing’s Syndrome and Addison Disease

23
Q

Which of the following is due to Hyposecretion of glucocorticoids (cortisol)?

A. Cushing’s Syndrome

B. Addison’s Disease

A

B. Addison’s Disease

Cushing’s Syndrome = Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids

Addison Disease = Hyposecretion of glucocorticoids

24
Q

What doe the Adrenal Medulla produce?

A

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

25
Q

Which of the following does the Adrenal Medulla produce more of?

A. Epinephrine

B. Norepinephrine

A

A. Epinephrine

26
Q

Activation of the adrenal medulla has what effects on skeletal muscle and adipose tissue?

A
27
Q

Activation of the adrenal medulla has what effects on the liver and heart?

A
28
Q

Which of the following lies between the inferior border of the stomach and proximal portion of the small intestine?

A. Adrenal medulla

B. Adrenal cortex

C. Pancreas

D. Liver

E. Kidneys

A

C. Pancreas

29
Q

Which of the following has both exocrine and endocrine cells?

A. Adrenal medulla

B. Adrenal cortex

C. Pancreas

D. Kidneys

A

C. Pancreas

30
Q

The Exocrine Pancreas:

A. Consists of clusters of gland cells called pancreatic acini

B. Pancreatic acini takes up roughly 99 percent of pancreatic volume

C. Gland and duct cells secrete alkaline, enzyme-rich fluid

D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

31
Q

All of the following are true regarding the endocrine pancreas EXCEPT:

A. Consists of cells that form clusters known as pancreatic acini

B. Alpha cells produce glucagon

C. Beta cells produce insulin

D. Delta cells produce peptide hormone identical to GH-IH

E. All of the above are true

A

A. Consists of cells that form clusters known as pancreatic acini

The endocrine pancreas consists of cells that form clusters known as pancreatic islets, or islets of Langerhans

32
Q

Which of the following produces insulin?

A. alpha cells

B. beta cells

C. delta cells

D. F cells

A

B. beta cells

33
Q

Which of the following produce glucagon?

A. alpha cells

B. beta cells

C. delta cells

D. F cells

A

A. alpha cells

34
Q

Which of the following secrete pancreatic polypeptide (PP)?

A. alpha cells

B. beta cells

C. delta cells

D. F cells

A

D. F cells

35
Q

Which of the following produce peptide hormones identical to GH-IH?

A. alpha cells

B. beta cells

C. delta cells

D. F cells

A

C. delta cells

36
Q

When blood glucose levels rise, the ________.

A. alpha cells of the pancreas secrete glucagon

B. beta cells of the pancreas secrete insulin

A

B. beta cells of the pancreas secrete insulin

37
Q

All of the following are true regarding Insulin EXCEPT:

A. accelerates glucose uptake

B. accelerates glucose utilization and enhances ATP production

C. stimulates the production of glucose in liver

D. stimulates amino acid absorption and protein synthesis

E. stimulates triglyceride formation in adipose tissue

A

C. stimulates the production of glucose in liver

38
Q

All of the following is true in regards to Glucagon EXCEPT:

A. inhibits adipocyte lipolysis

B. stimulates breakdown of glycogen in skeletal muscle and liver cells

C. stimulates breakdown of triglycerides in adipose tissue

D. stimulates production of glucose in liver

E. All of the above are true

A

A. inhibits adipocyte lipolysis

39
Q

_________ is characterized by glucose concentrations high enough to overwhelm the reabsorption capabilities of the kidneys.

A

Diabetes Mellitus

40
Q

Glucose in urine is termed _______.

A

Polyuria

41
Q

Which of the following is characterized by insulin resistance?

A. Type 1 diabetes mellitus

B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus

A

B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 1 DM = inadequate insulin production

Type 2 DM = insulin resistance

42
Q

Which of the following is characterized by inadequate production of insulin?

A. Type 1 diabetes mellitus

B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus

A

A. Type 1 diabetes mellitus

43
Q

What are two major complications of untreated diabetes mellitus?

A
44
Q

Discuss General Adaption Syndrome (GAS):

A
45
Q

What are the 3 phasess of General Adaption Syndrome (GAS)?

A
  1. Alarm phase
  2. Resistance phase
  3. Exhaustion phase
46
Q

Which of the following phases of the General Adaption Syndrome (GAS) involves the hormones GH, Glucagon, Glucocorticoids (cortisol), Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone), and ACTH?

A. Alarm phase

B. Resistance phase

C. Exhaustion phase

D. Two of the above

E. All of the above

A

B. Resistance phase

47
Q

Which of the following phases of the General Adaption Syndrome (GAS) involves the hormones Epinephrine and Norepinephrine?

A. Alarm phase

B. Resistance phase

C. Exhaustion phase

D. Two of the above

E. All of the above

A

A. Alarm phase

Alarm phase: “Fight or Flight”

  • Epi/norepinephrine release
  • increased mental alertness
  • increased energy use by all cells
  • mobilizationn of glycogenand lipid reserves
  • changes in circulation
  • reduction in digestive activity and urine production
  • increased sweat gland secretion
  • increased heart rate and respiratory rate
48
Q

The General Adaption Sydrome (GAS) is also called ___________.

A

Stress response

49
Q

Which of the following phases of the General Adaption Sydrome (GAS) is associated w/ collapse of vital systems?

A. Alarm phase

B. Resistance phase

C. Exhaustion phase

D. Two of the above

E. All of the above

A

C. Exhaustion phase

Endocrine System (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions