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Endocrine System > Endocrine Pharmacology (SUDWEEKS) > Flashcards

Endocrine Pharmacology (SUDWEEKS) Flashcards

1
Q

(T/F)

Triodothyronine (T3) can be converted to Thyroxine (T4).

A

False

Correct Statement: Thyroxine (T4) can be converted to Triodothyronine (T3).

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2
Q

Which of the following is known as “T4”?

A. Thyroxine

B. Triodothyronine

A

A. Thyroxine

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3
Q

(T/F)

TRH is released from the anterior pituitary (under control of TSH from the hypothalamus) and is stimulated when the blood levels of T3 and T4 are low.

A

False

Correct Statement:

TSH is released from the anterior pituitary (under control of TRH from the hypothalamus) and is stimulated when the blood levels of T3 and T4 are low.

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4
Q

What type of hormone is T3 (Triodothyronine) and T4 (Thyroxine)?

A. peptide hormones

B. amino acid hormones

C. steroid hormones

D. Eicosanoids

A

B. amino acid hormones

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5
Q

Which of the following is associated with Primary Hypothyroidism?

A. Grave’s Disease

B. Addisons Disease

C. Cushing’s Syndrome

D. Hashimoto’s Disease

A

D. Hashimoto’s Disease

note: also known as Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
note: Secondary Hypothyroidism is usually due to a tumor affecting the anterior pit.

Hypothyroidism = Hashimoto’s

Hyperthyroidism = Grave’s

Hypocortisolism = Addison’s

Hypercortisolism = Cushing’s

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6
Q

Which of the following is associated with Hyperthyroidism?

A. Grave’s Disease

B. Addisons Disease

C. Cushing’s Syndrome

D. Hashimoto’s Disease

A

A. Grave’s Disease

Hypothyroidism = Hashimoto’s

Hyperthyroidism = Grave’s

Hypocortisolism = Addison’s

Hypercortisolism = Cushing’s

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7
Q

What are the 4 drugs used to treat Hypothyroidism?

A

Hypothyroidism = Levothroxine, Liothyronine, Liotrix, and Armour Thyroid

note: hypothyroidism is tx w/ hormone replacement therapy

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8
Q

Which of the following is used to tx Hypothyroidism?

A. Propylthiouracil

B. Methimazole

C. Armour Thyroid

D. All of the above

A

C. Armour Thyroid

Hypothyroidism = levothroxine, liothyronine, liotrix, armour thyroid

Hyperthyroidism = propylthiouracil and methimazole

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9
Q

Which of the following is used to treat Hyperthyroidism?

A. Levothyroxine

B. Methimazole

C. Liothyronine

D. Liotrix

E. Armour Thyroid

A

B. Methimazole

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10
Q

Which of the following medications used to tx hypothyroidism is synthetic ONLY Thyroxine (T4)?

A. Levothroxine

B. Liothyronine

C. Liotrix

D. Armour Thyroid

A

A. Levothroxine

Liothyronine = T3

Levothyroxine = T4

Liotrix = T3 + T4

Armour Thyroid = Natural Thyroid Hormones

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11
Q

Which of the following medications used to tx hypothyroidism is synthetic ONLY Triodothyronine (T3)?

A. Levothroxine

B. Liothyronine

C. Liotrix

D. Armour Thyroid

A

B. Liothyronine

Liothyronine = T3

Levothyroxine = T4

Liotrix = T3 + T4

Armour Thyroid = Natural Thyroid Hormones

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12
Q

Which of the following medications used to tx hypothyroidism is Natural T3 and T4?

A. Levothroxine

B. Liothyronine

C. Liotrix

D. Armour Thyroid

A

D. Armour Thyroid

Liothyronine = T3

Levothyroxine = T4

Liotrix = T3 + T4

Armour Thyroid = Natural Thyroid Hormones

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13
Q

Which of the following medications used to tx hypothyroidism is synthetic T3 and T4?

A. Levothroxine

B. Liothyronine

C. Liotrix

D. Armour Thyroid

A

C. Liotrix

Liothyronine = T3

Levothyroxine = T4

Liotrix = T3 + T4

Armour Thyroid = Natural Thyroid Hormones

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14
Q

________ is an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies serve as agonists to receptors on the thyroid’s surface, causing thyroid growth and activation of hormone synthesis and secretion.

A

Grave’s Disease (hyperthyroidism)

Grave’s Disease = Exopthalmus (buldging eyes)

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15
Q

What are the two drugs used to treat Hyperthyroidism?

A

Propylthiouracil and Methimazole

note: Radioactive iodine can also be used to treat Hyperthyroidism

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16
Q

The adrenal cortex secretes all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Catecholamines

B. Mineralcorticoids

C. Glucocorticoids

D. Androgens

A

A. Catecholamines

Adrenal cortex = catecholamines (Epi)

Adrenal medulla = mineralcorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol) and adrogens (testosterone)

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17
Q

Which of the following is associated w/ Hypocortisolism?

A. Grave’s Disease

B. Addisons Disease

C. Cushing’s Syndrome

D. Hashimoto’s Disease

A

B. Addisons Disease

Hypothyroidism = Hashimoto’s

Hyperthyroidism = Grave’s

Hypocortisolism = Addison’s

Hypercortisolism = Cushing’s

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18
Q

Which of the following is associated w/ Hypercortisolism?

A. Grave’s Disease

B. Addisons Disease

C. Cushing’s Syndrome

D. Hashimoto’s Disease

A

C. Cushing’s Syndrome

Hypothyroidism = Hashimoto’s

Hyperthyroidism = Grave’s

Hypocortisolism = Addison’s

Hypercortisolism = Cushing’s

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19
Q

Which of the following is used to treat Addison’s Disease?

A. Levothyroxine

B. Methimazole

C. Cortisone

D. Progestin

A

C. Cortisone

note: Addison’s disease = hypocortisolism

Addison’s disease Tx = cortisone, hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone

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20
Q

What are the 3 drugs used to tx Addison’s Disease?

A

Cortisone, Hydrocortisone and Fludrocortisone

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21
Q

Which of the following may be an adverse effect of excessive glucocorticoid use?

A. Grave’s Disease

B. Addisons Disease

C. Cushing’s Syndrome

D. Hashimoto’s Disease

A

C. Cushing’s Syndrome

note: makes sense bc Cushing’s syndrome is characterized as hypercortisolism. If you take too much glucocorticoids you will have hypercortisolism

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22
Q

Which of the following is associated w/ “Moon Face”?

A. Grave’s Disease

B. Addisons Disease

C. Cushing’s Syndrome

D. Hashimoto’s Disease

A

C. Cushing’s Syndrome

Cushing’s = Moon face

Grave’s = Exophthalmus (buldging eyes)

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23
Q

Which of the following is associated w/ Exophthalmus?

A. Grave’s Disease

B. Addisons Disease

C. Cushing’s Syndrome

D. Hashimoto’s Disease

A

A. Grave’s Disease

Cushing’s = Moon face

Grave’s = Exophthalmus (buldging eyes)

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24
Q

All of the following are actions of glucocorticoids EXCEPT:

A. Raise plasma glucosse levels

B. Lower plasma glucose levels

C. Anti-inflammatory

D. It’s probably A or B :)

A

B. Lower plasma glucose levels

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25
Q

Long-term use of glucocorticoids can lead to which of the following?

A. Grave’s Disease

B. Addisons Disease

C. Cushing’s Syndrome

D. Hashimoto’s Disease

A

C. Cushing’s Syndrome

Cushing’s Syndrome = Moon face

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26
Q

Which of the following is used to diminish the side effects of estrogen therapy?

A. Estradiol

B. Conjugated estrogens

C. Estropipate

D. Progestin

E. All of the above

A

D. Progestin

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27
Q

Which of the following is an emergency contraceptive?

A. Estradiol

B. Conjugated estrogens

C. Estropipate

D. Progestin

E. Levnorgestrel

A

E. Levnorgestrel (Plan B)

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28
Q

Which of the following is a uterine relaxant?

A. Oxytocin

B. Progestin

C. Terbutaline

D. Clomiphene

E. Urofollitropin

A

C. Terbutaline

Oxytocin = uterine stimulant (oxytocics)

Terbutaline = uterine relaxant (tocolytic)

Clomiphene = infertility agent

Urofollitropin = infertility agent

29
Q

Which of the following is a uterine stimulant?

A. Oxytocin

B. Progestin

C. Terbutaline

D. Clomiphene

E. Urofollitropin

A

A. Oxytocin

Oxytocin = uterine stimulant (oxytocics)

Terbutaline = uterine relaxant (tocolytic)

Clomiphene = infertility agent

Urofollitropin = infertility agent

30
Q

Which of the following is a tocolytic?

A. Oxytocin

B. Terbutaline

A

B. Terbutaline

Oxytocics = Oxytocin

Tocolytics = Terbutaline

31
Q

Which of the following is a beta2 agonist?

A. Oxytocin

B. Terbutaline

A

B. Terbutaline

32
Q

Which of the following is an infertility agent used to promote maturation of ovarian follicles?

A. Clomiphene

B. Terbutaline

C. Methyltestosterone

D. Oxytocin

E. Finasteride

A

A. Clomiphene

Clomiphene = infertility agent

Urofollitropin = infertility agent

Methyltestosterone = testosterone replacement

Fluoxymesterone = testosterone replacement

Oxytocin = uterine stimulant

Finasteride = BPH

33
Q

Which of the following is used to tx Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)?

A. Clomiphene

B. Terbutaline

C. Methyltestosterone

D. Oxytocin

E. Finasteride

A

E. Finasteride

Clomiphene = infertility agent

Urofollitropin = infertility agent

Methyltestosterone = testosterone replacement

Fluoxymesterone = testosterone replacement

Oxytocin = uterine stimulant

Finasteride = BPH

34
Q

Which of the following is an infertility agent used to promote maturation of ovarian follicles?

A. Urofollitropin

B. Terbutaline

C. Methyltestosterone

D. Oxytocin

E. Finasteride

A

A. Urofollitropin

Clomiphene = infertility agent

Urofollitropin = infertility agent

Methyltestosterone = testosterone replacement

Fluoxymesterone = testosterone replacement

Oxytocin = uterine stimulant

Finasteride = BPH

35
Q

Which of the following is used as a testosterone replacecment therapy?

A. Urofollitropin

B. Terbutaline

C. Fluoxymesterone

D. Oxytocin

E. Finasteride

A

C. Fluoxymesterone

Clomiphene = infertility agent

Urofollitropin = infertility agent

Methyltestosterone = testosterone replacement

Fluoxymesterone = testosterone replacement

Oxytocin = uterine stimulant

Finasteride = BPH

36
Q

Which of the following is an 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor?

A. Urofollitropin

B. Terbutaline

C. Fluoxymesterone

D. Sildenafil

E. Finasteride

A

E. Finasteride

Finasteride = 5alpha-reductase inhibitor

Sildenafil = PDE5 inhibitor (phosphodiesterase)

37
Q

Which of the following is a PDE5 inhibitor?

A. Urofollitropin

B. Terbutaline

C. Fluoxymesterone

D. Sildenafil

E. Finasteride

A

D. Sildenafil

Finasteride = 5alpha-reductase inhibitor

Sildenafil = PDE5 inhibitor (phosphodiesterase)

38
Q

Which of the following is much more common?

A. Type I diabetes mellitus

B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus

A

B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus

39
Q

Obesity is one of the strongest risk factors for getting _______.

A. Type I diabetes mellitus

B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus

A

B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus

40
Q

What type of hormone is Insulin?

A. protein hormone

B. amino acid hormone

C. steroid hormone

D. eicosanoid

A

A. protein hormone

41
Q

Which of the following is due to insulin resistance?

A. Type I diabetes mellitus

B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus

A

B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus

42
Q

Which of the following is a normal blood glucose level?

A. below 50 mg/dL

B. 80-100 mg/dL

C. over 126 mg/dL

A

B. 80-100 mg/dL

43
Q

Which of the following is characterized as Hyerglycemia?

A. below 50 mg/dL

B. 80-100 mg/dL

C. over 126 mg/dL

A

C. over 126 mg/dL

44
Q

Which of the following is Hypoglycemia?

A. below 50 mg/dL

B. 80-100 mg/dL

C. over 126 mg/dL

A

A. below 50 mg/dL

45
Q

What is a weird symptom of Diabetic Ketoacidosis?

A

fruity smelling breath

46
Q

Which of the following types of insulin form crystals at the injection site?

(select all that apply)

A. Rapid-acting insulin

B. Short-acting insulin

C. “Lente”

D. “Ultra-Lente”

A

C. “Lente”

D. “Ultra-Lente”

note: these are slow acting prolonged action insulins that form crystals at injection site. Those crystals are broken down slowly, which is what gives these insulins a long lasting effect

47
Q

Which of the following is a short-acting (regular) insulin?

A. Aspart

B. Humulin R

C. Humulin N

D. Humulin U

E. Glargine (Lantus)

A

B. Humulin R

Rapid-acting = Aspart and Lispro

Short-acting = Humulin R

“Lente” (intermediate) = NPH Insulin (Isophane) and Humulin N

“Ultra-Lente” (prolonged) = Humulin U and Glargine

48
Q

Which of the following is a Rapid-acting insulin?

A. Aspart

B. Humulin R

C. Humulin N

D. Humulin U

E. Glargine (Lantus)

A

A. Aspart

Rapid-acting = Aspart and Lispro

Short-acting = Humulin R

“Lente” (intermediate) = NPH Insulin (Isophane) and Humulin N

“Ultra-Lente” (prolonged) = Humulin U and Glargine

49
Q

Which of the following is “Ultra-Lente” insulin?

(select all that apply)

A. Aspart

B. Humulin R

C. Humulin N

D. Humulin U

E. Glargine (Lantus)

A

D. Humulin U

E. Glargine (Lantus)

Rapid-acting = Aspart and Lispro

Short-acting = Humulin R

“Lente” (intermediate) = NPH Insulin (Isophane) and Humulin N

“Ultra-Lente” (prolonged) = Humulin U and Glargine

50
Q

Which of the following is a “Lente” (intermediate-acting) insulin?

(select all that apply)

A. Aspart

B. Humulin R

C. Humulin N

D. Humulin U

E. Glargine (Lantus)

A

C. Humulin N

Rapid-acting = Aspart and Lispro

Short-acting = Humulin R

“Lente” = Humulin N

“Ultra-Lente” = Humulin U

note: R-N-U (short- lente - ultralente)

51
Q

What are the two Rapid-Acting insulins?

A

Aspart and Lispro

52
Q

What is the one Short-Acting insulin?

A

Humulin R

53
Q

What are the two “Lente” insulins?

A

Lente = NPH insuling (Isophane) and Humulin N

54
Q

What are the two “Ultra-Lente” insulins?

A

Ultra-Lente = Humulin U and Glargine

55
Q

What effect does insulin have on potassium?

A

Insulin lowers plasma K+ which may lead to hypokalemia

So co-administer K+ w/ large doses of insulin

56
Q

What is the name of the transporter used to transport glucose into a cell for storage?

A

GLUT-4

57
Q

Which of the following is tx for hypoglycemia?

A. insulin

B. glucagon

C. metformin

D. glimepiride

A

B. glucagon

58
Q

Which of the following requires a pt to titrate their own insulin?

A. Injection

B. Pump

C. Pod

D. Inhalation

A

A. Injection

59
Q

Which of the following is part of the Meglitinide class for tx type II DM?

A. Metformin

B. Glimepiride

C. Repaglinide

D. Pioglitazone

E. Exenatide

A

C. Repaglinide

Metformin = Biguanide

Gimepiride = Sulfonylureas

Repaglinide = Meglitinide

Pioglitazone = Thiazolidinediones

Exenatide = Incretin mimic

Acarbose = delays carbohydrate absorption

60
Q

Which of the following is part of the Biguanides class for tx type II DM?

A. Metformin

B. Glimepiride

C. Repaglinide

D. Pioglitazone

E. Exenatide

A

A. Metformin

note: metformin is actually a very big pill

Metformin = Biguanide

Gimepiride = Sulfonylureas

Repaglinide = Meglitinide

Pioglitazone = Thiazolidinediones

Exenatide = Incretin mimic

Acarbose = delays carbohydrate absorption

61
Q

Which of the following is part of the Sulfonylureas class for tx type II DM?

A. Metformin

B. Glimepiride

C. Repaglinide

D. Pioglitazone

E. Exenatide

A

B. Glimepiride

Metformin = Biguanide

Gimepiride = Sulfonylureas

Repaglinide = Meglitinide

Pioglitazone = Thiazolidinediones

Exenatide = Incretin mimic

Acarbose = delays carbohydrate absorption

62
Q

Which of the following is part of the Thiazolidinediones class for tx type II DM?

A. Metformin

B. Glimepiride

C. Repaglinide

D. Pioglitazone

E. Exenatide

A

D. Pioglitazone

Metformin = Biguanide

Gimepiride = Sulfonylureas

Repaglinide = Meglitinide

Pioglitazone = Thiazolidinediones

Exenatide = Incretin mimic

Acarbose = delays carbohydrate absorption

63
Q

Which of the following is a GLP-1 receptor agonist for tx of type II DM?

A. Metformin

B. Glimepiride

C. Repaglinide

D. Pioglitazone

E. Exenatide

A

E. Exenatide

Metformin = Biguanide

Gimepiride = Sulfonylureas

Repaglinide = Meglitinide

Pioglitazone = Thiazolidinediones

Exenatide = Incretin mimic

Acarbose = delays carbohydrate absorption

64
Q

Which of the following is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor for tx of type II DM?

A. Acarbose

B. Glimepiride

C. Repaglinide

D. Pioglitazone

E. Exenatide

A

A. Acarbose

Metformin = Biguanide

Gimepiride = Sulfonylureas

Repaglinide = Meglitinide

Pioglitazone = Thiazolidinediones

Exenatide = Incretin mimic

Acarbose = delays carbohydrate absorption

65
Q

Which of the following blocks intestinal breadown of carbohydrates thus delaying absorption?

A. Acarbose

B. Glimepiride

C. Repaglinide

D. Pioglitazone

E. Exenatide

A

A. Acarbose

66
Q

Which of the following is an incretin mimic used to tx Type II DM?

A. Acarbose

B. Glimepiride

C. Repaglinide

D. Pioglitazone

E. Exenatide

A

E. Exenatide

67
Q

Which of the following was originally isolated from Gila monster saliva?

A. Acarbose

B. Glimepiride

C. Repaglinide

D. Pioglitazone

E. Exenatide

A

E. Exenatide

68
Q

Which of the following block KATP channels in Beta-cells for tx of Type II DM?

A. Acarbose

B. Glimepiride

C. Repaglinide

D. Pioglitazone

E. Exenatide

A

B. Glimepiride

Endocrine System (5 decks)

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