Endocrine Pharmacology (SUDWEEKS) Flashcards by Gavin Kallabat

(T/F)

Triodothyronine (T3) can be converted to Thyroxine (T4).

False

Correct Statement: Thyroxine (T4) can be converted to Triodothyronine (T3).

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Which of the following is known as “T4”?

A. Thyroxine

B. Triodothyronine

A. Thyroxine

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(T/F)

TRH is released from the anterior pituitary (under control of TSH from the hypothalamus) and is stimulated when the blood levels of T3 and T4 are low.

False

Correct Statement:

TSH is released from the anterior pituitary (under control of TRH from the hypothalamus) and is stimulated when the blood levels of T3 and T4 are low.

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What type of hormone is T3 (Triodothyronine) and T4 (Thyroxine)?

A. peptide hormones

B. amino acid hormones

C. steroid hormones

D. Eicosanoids

B. amino acid hormones

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Which of the following is associated with Primary Hypothyroidism?

A. Grave’s Disease

B. Addisons Disease

C. Cushing’s Syndrome

D. Hashimoto’s Disease

note: also known as Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
note: Secondary Hypothyroidism is usually due to a tumor affecting the anterior pit.

Hypothyroidism = Hashimoto’s

Hyperthyroidism = Grave’s

Hypocortisolism = Addison’s

Hypercortisolism = Cushing’s

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Which of the following is associated with Hyperthyroidism?

A. Grave’s Disease

B. Addisons Disease

C. Cushing’s Syndrome

D. Hashimoto’s Disease

A. Grave’s Disease

Hypothyroidism = Hashimoto’s

Hyperthyroidism = Grave’s

Hypocortisolism = Addison’s

Hypercortisolism = Cushing’s

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What are the 4 drugs used to treat Hypothyroidism?

Hypothyroidism = Levothroxine, Liothyronine, Liotrix, and Armour Thyroid

note: hypothyroidism is tx w/ hormone replacement therapy

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Which of the following is used to tx Hypothyroidism?

A. Propylthiouracil

B. Methimazole

C. Armour Thyroid

D. All of the above

C. Armour Thyroid

Hypothyroidism = levothroxine, liothyronine, liotrix, armour thyroid

Hyperthyroidism = propylthiouracil and methimazole

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Which of the following is used to treat Hyperthyroidism?

A. Levothyroxine

B. Methimazole

C. Liothyronine

D. Liotrix

E. Armour Thyroid

B. Methimazole

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Which of the following medications used to tx hypothyroidism is synthetic ONLY Thyroxine (T4)?

A. Levothroxine

B. Liothyronine

C. Liotrix

D. Armour Thyroid

A. Levothroxine

Liothyronine = T3

Levothyroxine = T4

Liotrix = T3 + T4

Armour Thyroid = Natural Thyroid Hormones

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Which of the following medications used to tx hypothyroidism is synthetic ONLY Triodothyronine (T3)?

A. Levothroxine

B. Liothyronine

C. Liotrix

D. Armour Thyroid

B. Liothyronine

Liothyronine = T3

Levothyroxine = T4

Liotrix = T3 + T4

Armour Thyroid = Natural Thyroid Hormones

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Which of the following medications used to tx hypothyroidism is Natural T3 and T4?

A. Levothroxine

B. Liothyronine

C. Liotrix

D. Armour Thyroid

Liothyronine = T3

Levothyroxine = T4

Liotrix = T3 + T4

Armour Thyroid = Natural Thyroid Hormones

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Which of the following medications used to tx hypothyroidism is synthetic T3 and T4?

A. Levothroxine

B. Liothyronine

C. Liotrix

D. Armour Thyroid

C. Liotrix

Liothyronine = T3

Levothyroxine = T4

Liotrix = T3 + T4

Armour Thyroid = Natural Thyroid Hormones

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________ is an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies serve as agonists to receptors on the thyroid’s surface, causing thyroid growth and activation of hormone synthesis and secretion.

Grave’s Disease (hyperthyroidism)

Grave’s Disease = Exopthalmus (buldging eyes)

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What are the two drugs used to treat Hyperthyroidism?

Propylthiouracil and Methimazole

note: Radioactive iodine can also be used to treat Hyperthyroidism

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The adrenal cortex secretes all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Catecholamines

B. Mineralcorticoids

C. Glucocorticoids

D. Androgens

A. Catecholamines

Adrenal cortex = catecholamines (Epi)

Adrenal medulla = mineralcorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol) and adrogens (testosterone)

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Which of the following is associated w/ Hypocortisolism?

A. Grave’s Disease

B. Addisons Disease

C. Cushing’s Syndrome

D. Hashimoto’s Disease

B. Addisons Disease

Hypothyroidism = Hashimoto’s

Hyperthyroidism = Grave’s

Hypocortisolism = Addison’s

Hypercortisolism = Cushing’s

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Which of the following is associated w/ Hypercortisolism?

A. Grave’s Disease

B. Addisons Disease

C. Cushing’s Syndrome

D. Hashimoto’s Disease

C. Cushing’s Syndrome

Hypothyroidism = Hashimoto’s

Hyperthyroidism = Grave’s

Hypocortisolism = Addison’s

Hypercortisolism = Cushing’s

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Which of the following is used to treat Addison’s Disease?

A. Levothyroxine

B. Methimazole

C. Cortisone

D. Progestin

C. Cortisone

note: Addison’s disease = hypocortisolism

Addison’s disease Tx = cortisone, hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone

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What are the 3 drugs used to tx Addison’s Disease?

Cortisone, Hydrocortisone and Fludrocortisone

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Which of the following may be an adverse effect of excessive glucocorticoid use?

A. Grave’s Disease

B. Addisons Disease

C. Cushing’s Syndrome

D. Hashimoto’s Disease

C. Cushing’s Syndrome

note: makes sense bc Cushing’s syndrome is characterized as hypercortisolism. If you take too much glucocorticoids you will have hypercortisolism

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Which of the following is associated w/ “Moon Face”?

A. Grave’s Disease

B. Addisons Disease

C. Cushing’s Syndrome

D. Hashimoto’s Disease

C. Cushing’s Syndrome

Cushing’s = Moon face

Grave’s = Exophthalmus (buldging eyes)

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Which of the following is associated w/ Exophthalmus?

A. Grave’s Disease

B. Addisons Disease

C. Cushing’s Syndrome

D. Hashimoto’s Disease

A. Grave’s Disease

Cushing’s = Moon face

Grave’s = Exophthalmus (buldging eyes)

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All of the following are actions of glucocorticoids EXCEPT:

A. Raise plasma glucosse levels

B. Lower plasma glucose levels

C. Anti-inflammatory

D. It’s probably A or B :)

B. Lower plasma glucose levels

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Long-term use of glucocorticoids can lead to which of the following? A. Grave's Disease B. Addisons Disease C. Cushing's Syndrome D. Hashimoto's Disease

C. Cushing's Syndrome Cushing's Syndrome = Moon face

Which of the following is used to diminish the side effects of estrogen therapy? A. Estradiol B. Conjugated estrogens C. Estropipate D. Progestin E. All of the above

D. Progestin

Which of the following is an emergency contraceptive? A. Estradiol B. Conjugated estrogens C. Estropipate D. Progestin E. Levnorgestrel

E. Levnorgestrel (Plan B)

Which of the following is a **uterine relaxant**? A. Oxytocin B. Progestin C. Terbutaline D. Clomiphene E. Urofollitropin

C. Terbutaline Oxytocin = uterine stimulant (oxytocics) Terbutaline = uterine relaxant (tocolytic) Clomiphene = infertility agent Urofollitropin = infertility agent

Which of the following is a **uterine stimulant**? A. Oxytocin B. Progestin C. Terbutaline D. Clomiphene E. Urofollitropin

A. Oxytocin Oxytocin = uterine stimulant (oxytocics) Terbutaline = uterine relaxant (tocolytic) Clomiphene = infertility agent Urofollitropin = infertility agent

Which of the following is a **tocolytic**? A. Oxytocin B. Terbutaline

B. Terbutaline Oxytocics = Oxytocin Tocolytics = Terbutaline

Which of the following is a beta2 agonist? A. Oxytocin B. Terbutaline

B. Terbutaline

Which of the following is an infertility agent used to promote maturation of ovarian follicles? A. Clomiphene B. Terbutaline C. Methyltestosterone D. Oxytocin E. Finasteride

A. Clomiphene Clomiphene = infertility agent Urofollitropin = infertility agent Methyltestosterone = testosterone replacement Fluoxymesterone = testosterone replacement Oxytocin = uterine stimulant Finasteride = BPH

Which of the following is used to tx Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (**BPH**)? A. Clomiphene B. Terbutaline C. Methyltestosterone D. Oxytocin E. Finasteride

E. Finasteride Clomiphene = infertility agent Urofollitropin = infertility agent Methyltestosterone = testosterone replacement Fluoxymesterone = testosterone replacement Oxytocin = uterine stimulant Finasteride = BPH

Which of the following is an infertility agent used to promote maturation of ovarian follicles? A. Urofollitropin B. Terbutaline C. Methyltestosterone D. Oxytocin E. Finasteride

A. Urofollitropin Clomiphene = infertility agent Urofollitropin = infertility agent Methyltestosterone = testosterone replacement Fluoxymesterone = testosterone replacement Oxytocin = uterine stimulant Finasteride = BPH

Which of the following is used as a testosterone replacecment therapy? A. Urofollitropin B. Terbutaline C. Fluoxymesterone D. Oxytocin E. Finasteride

C. Fluoxymesterone Clomiphene = infertility agent Urofollitropin = infertility agent Methyltestosterone = testosterone replacement Fluoxymesterone = testosterone replacement Oxytocin = uterine stimulant Finasteride = BPH

Which of the following is an **5-alpha-reductase** inhibitor? A. Urofollitropin B. Terbutaline C. Fluoxymesterone D. Sildenafil E. Finasteride

E. Finasteride Finasteride = 5alpha-reductase inhibitor Sildenafil = PDE5 inhibitor (phosphodiesterase)

Which of the following is a PDE5 inhibitor? A. Urofollitropin B. Terbutaline C. Fluoxymesterone D. Sildenafil E. Finasteride

D. Sildenafil Finasteride = 5alpha-reductase inhibitor Sildenafil = PDE5 inhibitor (phosphodiesterase)

Which of the following is much more common? A. Type I diabetes mellitus B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus

B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus

**Obesity** is one of the strongest risk factors for getting \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Type I diabetes mellitus B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus

B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus

What type of hormone is **Insulin**? A. protein hormone B. amino acid hormone C. steroid hormone D. eicosanoid

A. protein hormone

Which of the following is due to insulin resistance? A. Type I diabetes mellitus B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus

B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Which of the following is a normal blood glucose level? A. below 50 mg/dL B. 80-100 mg/dL C. over 126 mg/dL

B. 80-100 mg/dL

Which of the following is characterized as Hyerglycemia? A. below 50 mg/dL B. 80-100 mg/dL C. over 126 mg/dL

C. over 126 mg/dL

Which of the following is Hypoglycemia? A. below 50 mg/dL B. 80-100 mg/dL C. over 126 mg/dL

A. below 50 mg/dL

What is a weird symptom of Diabetic Ketoacidosis?

fruity smelling breath

Which of the following types of insulin form crystals at the injection site? (select all that apply) A. Rapid-acting insulin B. Short-acting insulin C. "Lente" D. "Ultra-Lente"

C. "Lente" D. "Ultra-Lente" note: these are slow acting prolonged action insulins that form crystals at injection site. Those crystals are broken down slowly, which is what gives these insulins a long lasting effect

Which of the following is a **short-acting** (regular) insulin? A. Aspart B. Humulin R C. Humulin N D. Humulin U E. Glargine (Lantus)

B. Humulin R Rapid-acting = Aspart and Lispro Short-acting = Humulin R "Lente" (intermediate) = NPH Insulin (Isophane) and Humulin N "Ultra-Lente" (prolonged) = Humulin U and Glargine

Which of the following is a **Rapid-acting** insulin? A. Aspart B. Humulin R C. Humulin N D. Humulin U E. Glargine (Lantus)

A. Aspart Rapid-acting = Aspart and Lispro Short-acting = Humulin R "Lente" (intermediate) = NPH Insulin (Isophane) and Humulin N "Ultra-Lente" (prolonged) = Humulin U and Glargine

Which of the following is "Ultra-Lente" insulin? (select all that apply) A. Aspart B. Humulin R C. Humulin N D. Humulin U E. Glargine (Lantus)

D. Humulin U E. Glargine (Lantus) Rapid-acting = Aspart and Lispro Short-acting = Humulin R "Lente" (intermediate) = NPH Insulin (Isophane) and Humulin N "Ultra-Lente" (prolonged) = Humulin U and Glargine

Which of the following is a "Lente" (intermediate-acting) insulin? (select all that apply) A. Aspart B. Humulin R C. Humulin N D. Humulin U E. Glargine (Lantus)

C. Humulin N Rapid-acting = Aspart and Lispro Short-acting = Humulin R "Lente" = Humulin N "Ultra-Lente" = Humulin U note: R-N-U (short- lente - ultralente)

What are the two **Rapid-Acting** insulins?

**Aspart** and **Lispro**

What is the one **Short-Acting** insulin?

Humulin R

What are the two "**Lente**" insulins?

Lente = NPH insuling (Isophane) and Humulin N

What are the two "Ultra-Lente" insulins?

**_U_**ltra-Lente = **Humulin _U_** and **Glargine**

What effect does insulin have on potassium?

Insulin lowers plasma K+ which may lead to **hypokalemia** **So co-administer K+ w/ large doses of insulin**

What is the name of the transporter used to transport glucose into a cell for storage?

GLUT-4

Which of the following is tx for hypoglycemia? A. insulin B. glucagon C. metformin D. glimepiride

B. glucagon

Which of the following requires a pt to titrate their own insulin? A. Injection B. Pump C. Pod D. Inhalation

A. Injection

Which of the following is part of the **Meglitinide** class for tx type II DM? A. Metformin B. Glimepiride C. Repaglinide D. Pioglitazone E. Exenatide

C. Repaglinide Metformin = Biguanide Gimepiride = Sulfonylureas Repaglinide = Meglitinide Pioglitazone = Thiazolidinediones Exenatide = Incretin mimic Acarbose = delays carbohydrate absorption

Which of the following is part of the **Biguanides** class for tx type II DM? A. Metformin B. Glimepiride C. Repaglinide D. Pioglitazone E. Exenatide

A. Metformin note: metformin is actually a very **big** pill Metformin = Biguanide Gimepiride = Sulfonylureas Repaglinide = Meglitinide Pioglitazone = Thiazolidinediones Exenatide = Incretin mimic Acarbose = delays carbohydrate absorption

Which of the following is part of the **Sulfonylureas** class for tx type II DM? A. Metformin B. Glimepiride C. Repaglinide D. Pioglitazone E. Exenatide

B. Glimepiride Metformin = Biguanide Gimepiride = Sulfonylureas Repaglinide = Meglitinide Pioglitazone = Thiazolidinediones Exenatide = Incretin mimic Acarbose = delays carbohydrate absorption

Which of the following is part of the **Thiazolidinediones** class for tx type II DM? A. Metformin B. Glimepiride C. Repaglinide D. Pioglitazone E. Exenatide

D. Pioglitazone Metformin = Biguanide Gimepiride = Sulfonylureas Repaglinide = Meglitinide Pioglitazone = Thiazolidinediones Exenatide = Incretin mimic Acarbose = delays carbohydrate absorption

Which of the following is a **GLP-1 receptor agonist** for tx of type II DM? A. Metformin B. Glimepiride C. Repaglinide D. Pioglitazone E. Exenatide

E. Exenatide Metformin = Biguanide Gimepiride = Sulfonylureas Repaglinide = Meglitinide Pioglitazone = Thiazolidinediones Exenatide = Incretin mimic Acarbose = delays carbohydrate absorption

Which of the following is an **alpha-glucosidase inhibitor** for tx of type II DM? A. Acarbose B. Glimepiride C. Repaglinide D. Pioglitazone E. Exenatide

A. Acarbose Metformin = Biguanide Gimepiride = Sulfonylureas Repaglinide = Meglitinide Pioglitazone = Thiazolidinediones Exenatide = Incretin mimic Acarbose = delays carbohydrate absorption

Which of the following blocks intestinal breadown of carbohydrates thus delaying absorption? A. Acarbose B. Glimepiride C. Repaglinide D. Pioglitazone E. Exenatide

A. Acarbose

Which of the following is an incretin mimic used to tx Type II DM? A. Acarbose B. Glimepiride C. Repaglinide D. Pioglitazone E. Exenatide

E. Exenatide

Which of the following was originally isolated from **Gila monster saliva**? A. Acarbose B. Glimepiride C. Repaglinide D. Pioglitazone E. Exenatide

E. Exenatide

Which of the following block K_ATP channels in Beta-cells for tx of Type II DM? A. Acarbose B. Glimepiride C. Repaglinide D. Pioglitazone E. Exenatide

B. Glimepiride