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Endo Week 3 > Pancreas Anatomy/Tumors > Flashcards

Pancreas Anatomy/Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

what dermal layer does pancreas come from/

A

endodermal layer

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2
Q

what are the two embryo portions of the pancreas?

A

ventral and dorsal bud

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3
Q

what does the ventral bud lead to?

A

posterior/inferior head, uncinate process

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4
Q

what does the dorsal bud lead to in grown pancreas?

A

anterior head, body and tail

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5
Q

what leads to the main pancreatic duct?

A

fusion of ventral and dorsal buds

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6
Q

what does main pancreatic duct usually drain into?

A

ampulla of vater

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7
Q

what is it called when abnormal fusion of ventral and dorsal buds?

A

annular pancreas

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8
Q

what happens in annular pancreas?

A

ring of pancreatic tissue encircles the duodenum and can cause obstruction

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9
Q

if ventral and dorsal ducts dont fuse what can happen?

A

pancreas divisum

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10
Q

what is seen in pancreas divisum?

A

two distinct pancreatic ducts…potentially an obstruction

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11
Q

what do D cells of the islet of langerhans produce?

A

somatostatin

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12
Q

what is the name for the histo finding in type 1 DM?

A

insulitis

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13
Q

what is insulitis?

A

lymphocytic infiltrate in and around the islets of langerhans

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14
Q

what percent of beta cells are lost when type I DM manifests?

A

90 %

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15
Q

what may be deposited in islets in type 2 DM?

A

amylin

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16
Q

MEN 1 is associated with what gene fxn?

A

loss of fxn of a tumor suppressor

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17
Q

MEN 2a and 2b are associated with what gene fxn?

A

RET gene…gain of fxn proto oncogene

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18
Q

pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors arise from what cell type

A

pluripotent cells

19
Q

what are the two classifications of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors?

A

function or non function

20
Q

what must occur with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor for it to be considered fxning?

A

paraneoplastic syndrome (hypersecretion) must be clinically recognized

21
Q

before a tumor becomes a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, if it is small and non fxning what is it?

A

microadenoma

22
Q

once it is over 5 mm in diameter or fxning, what is the tumor considered in the pancreas?

A

pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor

23
Q

what are three histo types f pancreatic neuoendo tumors?

A

solid/nested
trabecular
acinar

24
Q

what is characteristic cellular appearance of chromatin in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors?

A

salt and pepper appearance

25
Q

what is a diabetic related pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor?

A

insulinoma

26
Q

what do patients present with when they have insulinoma?

A

severe hypoglycemia

27
Q

what is insulinoma a tumor of?

A

beta cells in pancreas

28
Q

are insulinomas usually small or large?

A

small with no metastaziz

29
Q

what is a gastrinoma

A

gastrin secreting tumor of G cells in pancreas or duodenum

30
Q

what can gastrinomas cause?

A

zollinger ellison syndrome

31
Q

what is zollinger ellison syndrome?

A

gastric hypersecretion…severe peptic ulcerations of stomach duo, jejunum…high gastrin levels

32
Q

what cell proliferates in stomach with gastrinoma?

A

parietal cells…get gastric folding hypertrophy

33
Q

what is issue in glucagonoma?

A

neoplasm of alpha cells

34
Q

what is elevates in glucagonoma?

A

high blood glucose…high levels of glucagon

35
Q

what are three common findings in glucagonoma?

A

mild diabetes
necrolytic migratory erythema
anemia

36
Q

which pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor has skin rash?

A

glucagonoma has a necrolytic migratory erythema

37
Q

what is a somatostatinoma?

A

neoplasm of delta cells of the pancreas

38
Q

what is role of somatastatin?

A

inhibits the actions of other neuroendocrine cells

39
Q

what happens to insulin and glucagon levels in a somatostatinoma?

A

they are suppressed

40
Q

what are symptoms of somatostatinoma?

A

mild diabetes, gallstones, steatorrhea,

41
Q

what is VIPoma?

A

vasoactive intestinal polypeptide secreting neoplasm of D1 cells

42
Q

what is normal action of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide?

A

induces peristalsis

43
Q

what are sx of VIPoma?

A

explosive and profuse watery diarrhea

44
Q

what are electrolyte changes of VIPoma?

A

hypokalemia\hypchlorhydria

Endo Week 3 (8 decks)

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