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Endo Week 3 > Gluconeogenesis > Flashcards

Gluconeogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

when does the body use gluconeogenesis?

A

during fasting and starvation states

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2
Q

what endo molecule inhibits gluconeogenesis?

A

insulin

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3
Q

what endo molecule stimulates gluconeogenesis?

A

glucagon

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4
Q

why do we need glucose during starvation states?

A

brain and RBCs rely on it for nutrition

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5
Q

what molecule enters gluconeo process?

A

starts with pyruvate

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6
Q

what three enzymes from glycolysis are not used in gluconeogenesis?

A

hexokinase
PFK-1
pyruvate kinase

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7
Q

turning pyruvate into phosphoenolpyrvate takes what two enzymes in gluconeo?

A

pyruvate carboxylase and

phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase

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8
Q

what amino acid can enter gluconeo pathway?

A

alanine

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9
Q

name three products other than pyruvate that can enter gluconeo pathway

A

AAs
glycerol
lactate

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10
Q

what molecule turns lactate into pyruvate to enter gluconeo path?

A

lactate dehydrogenase

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11
Q

describe the cori cycle

A

glucose made into pyruvate then lactate in the muscle then lactate put into blood and into liver where it is turned back into glcose through gluconeogenesis

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12
Q

pyruvate carboxylase turns pyruvate into what in gluconeo?

A

oxaloacetate

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13
Q

oxaloacetate is then turned into what?

A

phosphoenolpyruvate

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14
Q

what enzymes turns oxaloacetate into phosphoenolpyruvate?

A

PEP carboxylase

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15
Q

where is majority of pyruvate found?

A

in the mitochondria

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16
Q

what molecule in gluconeo path is transferred to cytoplasm?

A

oxaloacetate

17
Q

what is the shuttle used to get oxaloacetate into the cytoplasm to continue gluconeo?

A

malate shuttle

18
Q

what enzyme replaces PFK1 from glycolysis in gluconeo?

A

fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase

19
Q

what does fructose 1,6 bisphosphate work on?

A

makes fructose 1,6 bisphosphate into fructose 6 phospate

20
Q

what enzyme replaces hexokinase in gluconeo?

A

glucose 6 phosphatase

21
Q

how many ATP does gluconeo use?

A

4 ATP

22
Q

how many GTP does gluconeo use?

A

2 GTP

23
Q

how many NADH does gluconeo use?

A

2 NADH

24
Q

what is the regulatory step of gluconeo?

A

fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase is regulatory enzyme

25
Q

does low or high energy status activate PFK1?

A

low energy

26
Q

does low or high energy status activate fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase?

A

high energy…or low AMP

27
Q

does high or low citrate stimulate fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase?

A

high citrate…means TCA working a ton already

28
Q

does high or low glucose stimulate fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase?

A

low glucose

29
Q

what does alcohol do to blood sugar? why?

A

will cause hypoglycemia because it ramps up NADH production and that prevents making of gluconeogenesis

30
Q

what is main location of gluconeo?

A

in liver

Endo Week 3 (8 decks)

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