Gluconeogenesis Flashcards
when does the body use gluconeogenesis?
during fasting and starvation states
what endo molecule inhibits gluconeogenesis?
insulin
what endo molecule stimulates gluconeogenesis?
glucagon
why do we need glucose during starvation states?
brain and RBCs rely on it for nutrition
what molecule enters gluconeo process?
starts with pyruvate
what three enzymes from glycolysis are not used in gluconeogenesis?
hexokinase
PFK-1
pyruvate kinase
turning pyruvate into phosphoenolpyrvate takes what two enzymes in gluconeo?
pyruvate carboxylase and
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
what amino acid can enter gluconeo pathway?
alanine
name three products other than pyruvate that can enter gluconeo pathway
AAs
glycerol
lactate
what molecule turns lactate into pyruvate to enter gluconeo path?
lactate dehydrogenase
describe the cori cycle
glucose made into pyruvate then lactate in the muscle then lactate put into blood and into liver where it is turned back into glcose through gluconeogenesis
pyruvate carboxylase turns pyruvate into what in gluconeo?
oxaloacetate
oxaloacetate is then turned into what?
phosphoenolpyruvate
what enzymes turns oxaloacetate into phosphoenolpyruvate?
PEP carboxylase
where is majority of pyruvate found?
in the mitochondria
what molecule in gluconeo path is transferred to cytoplasm?
oxaloacetate
what is the shuttle used to get oxaloacetate into the cytoplasm to continue gluconeo?
malate shuttle
what enzyme replaces PFK1 from glycolysis in gluconeo?
fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase
what does fructose 1,6 bisphosphate work on?
makes fructose 1,6 bisphosphate into fructose 6 phospate
what enzyme replaces hexokinase in gluconeo?
glucose 6 phosphatase
how many ATP does gluconeo use?
4 ATP
how many GTP does gluconeo use?
2 GTP
how many NADH does gluconeo use?
2 NADH
what is the regulatory step of gluconeo?
fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase is regulatory enzyme
does low or high energy status activate PFK1?
low energy
does low or high energy status activate fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase?
high energy…or low AMP
does high or low citrate stimulate fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase?
high citrate…means TCA working a ton already
does high or low glucose stimulate fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase?
low glucose
what does alcohol do to blood sugar? why?
will cause hypoglycemia because it ramps up NADH production and that prevents making of gluconeogenesis
what is main location of gluconeo?
in liver
