Fatty Acid Metabolism

Question 1

what two aspects of triglycerides make them great for energy storage?

Answer 1

they are reduced and anhydrous

Question 2

where are TGs stored?

Answer 2

adipose cells

Question 3

what can happen to glucose when in super high amounts?

Answer 3

converted into TG and stored in adipose cells

Question 4

how many Kcals/g do fatty acids yield?

Answer 4

9

Question 5

how many Kcals/g do carbs/protein yield?

Answer 5

4

Question 6

what is the name of the molecule that turn TAG into DAG?

Answer 6

ATGL

Question 7

what does ATGL need to work on TAG?

Answer 7

coactivator

Question 8

what molecule releases the coactivator for ATG:L?

Answer 8

perilipin

Question 9

what must happen to Fatty acids before transport into mitochondria?

Answer 9

activated with coenzzyme A

Question 10

what two cofactors do you need in fatty acid oxidation/breakdown?

Answer 10

FAD and NAD+

Question 11

how many ATP do FAs make?

Answer 11

over 100

Question 12

what two molecules are precursors to ketone bodies?

Answer 12

acetoacetate and B hydroxybutyrate

Question 13

what can muscles use ketone bodies as?

Answer 13

fuel source

Question 14

where does process to make ketone bodies originate from?

Answer 14

triacylglycerols…TAGs

Question 15

what three organs use ketone bodies?

Answer 15

heart muscle
renal cortex
brain during starvation

Question 16

which of acetoacetate and b hydroxybutyrate increases most during starvation?

Answer 16

b hydroxy

Question 17

what can ketone bodies do to the PH ?

Answer 17

decrease it…they are acidic

Question 18

what does diabetic ketoacidosis cause to happen in glycoysis?

Answer 18

TCA cycle will slow…

Question 19

with TCA cycle slowing in diabetic ketoacidosis, what is produced more for fuel?

Answer 19

more ketone bodies from free fatty acis

Question 20

what two organs can synthesize fatty acids?

Answer 20

liver and adipose cells

Question 21

what is turned into fatty acids when in excess?

Answer 21

glucose

Question 22

where does fatty acid synthesis occur in cells?

Answer 22

in the cytoplasm

Question 23

what is cofactor that is important for fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 23

NADPH

Question 24

what is insulins role in fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 24

will stimulate production of fatty acids and storage

Question 25

what is the committed enzyme in FA synthesis?

Answer 25

acetyl coa carboxylase

Question 26

what does acetyl coa carboxylase work on and make in FA synthesis?

Answer 26

acetyl coa into malony coa

Question 27

what is a regulating enzyme in FA synthesis?

Answer 27

AMP kinase

Question 28

what can AMP kinase sense to control FA synthesis?

Answer 28

energy status of a cell

Question 29

what enzyme does AMP kinase regulate?

Answer 29

acetyl coa carboxylase

Question 30

if energy status of cell is low, what will AMP kinase do to acetyl coa carboxylase?

Answer 30

AMP kinase is activated and will inhibit the carboxylase and prevent synthesis...you want utilization when it is low

Question 31

if energy status of cell is high, what will AMP kinase do to acetyl coa carboxylase?

Answer 31

ATP inhibits the AMP kinase and this activates the acetyl coa carboxylase to synthesize FA