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Endo Week 3 > Fatty Acid Metabolism > Flashcards

Fatty Acid Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

what two aspects of triglycerides make them great for energy storage?

A

they are reduced and anhydrous

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2
Q

where are TGs stored?

A

adipose cells

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3
Q

what can happen to glucose when in super high amounts?

A

converted into TG and stored in adipose cells

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4
Q

how many Kcals/g do fatty acids yield?

A

9

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5
Q

how many Kcals/g do carbs/protein yield?

A

4

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6
Q

what is the name of the molecule that turn TAG into DAG?

A

ATGL

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7
Q

what does ATGL need to work on TAG?

A

coactivator

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8
Q

what molecule releases the coactivator for ATG:L?

A

perilipin

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9
Q

what must happen to Fatty acids before transport into mitochondria?

A

activated with coenzzyme A

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10
Q

what two cofactors do you need in fatty acid oxidation/breakdown?

A

FAD and NAD+

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11
Q

how many ATP do FAs make?

A

over 100

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12
Q

what two molecules are precursors to ketone bodies?

A

acetoacetate and B hydroxybutyrate

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13
Q

what can muscles use ketone bodies as?

A

fuel source

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14
Q

where does process to make ketone bodies originate from?

A

triacylglycerols…TAGs

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15
Q

what three organs use ketone bodies?

A

heart muscle
renal cortex
brain during starvation

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16
Q

which of acetoacetate and b hydroxybutyrate increases most during starvation?

A

b hydroxy

17
Q

what can ketone bodies do to the PH ?

A

decrease it…they are acidic

18
Q

what does diabetic ketoacidosis cause to happen in glycoysis?

A

TCA cycle will slow…

19
Q

with TCA cycle slowing in diabetic ketoacidosis, what is produced more for fuel?

A

more ketone bodies from free fatty acis

20
Q

what two organs can synthesize fatty acids?

A

liver and adipose cells

21
Q

what is turned into fatty acids when in excess?

A

glucose

22
Q

where does fatty acid synthesis occur in cells?

A

in the cytoplasm

23
Q

what is cofactor that is important for fatty acid synthesis?

A

NADPH

24
Q

what is insulins role in fatty acid synthesis?

A

will stimulate production of fatty acids and storage

25
Q

what is the committed enzyme in FA synthesis?

A

acetyl coa carboxylase

26
Q

what does acetyl coa carboxylase work on and make in FA synthesis?

A

acetyl coa into malony coa

27
Q

what is a regulating enzyme in FA synthesis?

A

AMP kinase

28
Q

what can AMP kinase sense to control FA synthesis?

A

energy status of a cell

29
Q

what enzyme does AMP kinase regulate?

A

acetyl coa carboxylase

30
Q

if energy status of cell is low, what will AMP kinase do to acetyl coa carboxylase?

A

AMP kinase is activated and will inhibit the carboxylase and prevent synthesis…you want utilization when it is low

31
Q

if energy status of cell is high, what will AMP kinase do to acetyl coa carboxylase?

A

ATP inhibits the AMP kinase and this activates the acetyl coa carboxylase to synthesize FA

Endo Week 3 (8 decks)

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