Pancreas

Question 1

Pancreas has 2 functions…

Answer 1

1. Exocrine (digestive)

2. Endocrine (hormonal)

Question 2

At which level plane is the pancreas located at?

Answer 2

Transpyloric plane (L1)

Question 3

Is the pancreas intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Answer 3

Retroperitoneal (except tail of pancreas)

Question 4

Name the 5 parts of the pancreas

Answer 4

1. Head
2. Uncinate process
3. Neck
4. Body
5. Tail

Question 5

Uncinate process lies _____ to the superior mesenteric vessels

Answer 5

Posterior

Question 6

Neck lies _____ the superior mesenteric vessels

Answer 6

Over

Question 7

Body lies to the _______ of the superior mesenteric vessels

Answer 7

Left

Question 8

Which ligament is the tail of the pancreas contained within?

Answer 8

Splenorenal ligament

Question 9

Is the tail of the pancreas intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Answer 9

Intraperitoneal

Question 10

Which part of the duodenum does the common bile duct open into?

Answer 10

Duodenum

Question 11

Small opening in the duodenum where the pancreatic and bile ducts join and release their secretions

Answer 11

Ampulla of vater

Question 12

Muscle which surrounds the ampulla of vater

Answer 12

Sphincter of oddi

Question 13

Which two veins join to form the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 13

Splenic vein

Superior mesenteric vein

Question 14

Where does the formation of the hepatic portal vein occur?

Answer 14

Posterior to the neck of the pancreas

Question 15

Which vein drains into the splenic vein?

Answer 15

Inferior mesenteric vein

Question 16

Name the 2 ducts of the pancreas

Answer 16

1. Pancreatic duct

2. Accessory pancreatic duct

Question 17

Which 2 ducts unite to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater?

Answer 17

1. Common bile duct

2. Pancreatic duct

Question 18

Ampulla of Vater opens into the duodenum via what structure?

Answer 18

Major duodenal papilla

Question 19

Accessory pancreatic duct opens into…?

Answer 19

Minor duodenal papilla

Question 20

Causes of pancreatitis can be remembered by what acronym?

Answer 20

GET SMASHED

Question 21

What does GET SMASHED stand for?

Answer 21

Gallstones
Ethanol
Trauma

Steroids
Mumps
Autoimmune
Scorpion stings
Hypertriglyceridemia, hypercalcaemia and hyperparathyroidism
ERCP- endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Drugs- Sodium Valproate, Azathioprine and Sulphonamides

Question 22

5 key symptoms of pancreatitis (acute or chronic)

Answer 22

1. Severe epigastric pain which radiates to the back
2. Nausea
3. Vomiting
4. Diarrhoea
5. Steatorrhea

Question 23

Arterial supply of pancreas

Answer 23

1. Pancreatic branches of splenic artery (rest of pancreas)

2. Superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (supply head)

Question 24

Venous drainage of pancreas

Answer 24

Head- superior mesenteric branches of hepatic portal vein

Rest of pancreas- pancreatic veins which drain into splenic vein

Question 25

Lymphatic drainage of pancreas

Answer 25

Pancreatic lymphatic vessels--> coeliac lymph nodes

Question 26

Superior and inferior pancreacticoduodenal arteries are branches of which arteries?

Answer 26

1. Gastroduodenal artery (from coeliac trunk) | 2. Superior mesenteric artery