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Liver Flashcards

1
Q

Which two region is the liver located in?

A
  1. Right hypochondriac region

2. Epigastric region

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2
Q

Every substance absorbed by the alimentary tract is first received by the liver, except for what?

A

Lipids

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3
Q

The liver stores ______

The liver secretes ______

A

Stores glycogen

Secretes bile

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4
Q

Name the 2 surfaces of the liver

A

Diaphragmatic surface

Visceral surface

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5
Q

Which surface of the liver is anterosuperior?

A

Diaphragmatic surface

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6
Q

Which surface of the liver is posteroinferior?

A

Visceral surface

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7
Q

Which area of the liver is not covered with visceral peritoneum and is known as a ‘bare area’ due to it being in contact with the diaphragm?

A

Posterior aspect

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8
Q

Smooth and convex surface of the liver is known as…

A

Diaphragmatic surface

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9
Q

Irregular and flat surface of the liver is known as…

A

Visceral surface

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10
Q

Visceral surface is covered with peritoneum expect what 2 structures?

A
  1. Porta hepatis

2. Fossa of gallbladder

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11
Q

How many lobes does the liver have?

A

4 lobes

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12
Q

Name the 4 lobes of the liver?

A

Right
Left
Caudate
Quadrate

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13
Q

Which lobe is anterior, caudate or quadrate?

A

Caudate

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14
Q

Caudate and quadrate are only seen on what surface?

A

Visceral surface

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15
Q

What structure(s) separates the right and left lobe?

A 
Falciform ligament (anteriorly)
Left sagittal fissure (posteriorly)
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16
Q

What separates the caudate and quadrate lobes from the right lobe?

A

Right sagittal fissure

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17
Q

What separates the caudate and quadrate lobe?

A

Porta hepatis

Right and left sagittal fissures

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18
Q

How many functional lobes are there?

A

2

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19
Q

Name the 2 functional lobes of the liver

A

Right lobe

Left lobe

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20
Q

Caudate and quadrate are part of which lobe?

A

Right lobe

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21
Q

Transverse fissure dividing the caudate and quadrate lobes?

A

Porta hepatis

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22
Q

The diaphragmatic surface is in direct contact with what organ as a result of being ‘bare’?

A

Diaphragm

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23
Q

What 5 structures enter the porta hepatis?

A 
Portal vein
Hepatic artery
Hepatic nerve plexus
Hepatic ducts
Lymphatic vessels
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24
Q

What encloses the portal triad?

A

Lesser omentum

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25
Name the 3 structures which make up the portal triad?
Portal vein Hepatic artery Bile duct
26
Thickened free edge of the lesser omentum which extends between the porta hepatis and the duodenum
Hepatoduodenal ligament
27
Encloses the structures that pass through the porta hepatis
Hepatoduodenal ligament
28
Passes from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the first 2cm of the duodenum
Lesser omentum
29
What 2 things mean that there is 2 functional lobes (portal lobes)
1. Blood supply | 2. Glandular secretion
30
Connects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach
Hepatogastric ligament
31
Connects the liver to the superior part of thre duodenum
Hepatoduodenal ligament
32
Attaches the anterior liver surface to anterior abdominal wall
Falciform ligament
33
What ligament is the remnant of the umbilical vein?
Round ligament of the liver
34
Another term for the round ligament of the liver
Ligamentum teres
35
Where is the round ligament of the liver located?
Exists in the free edge of the falciform ligament
36
Ligaments which attach the superior surface of liver to inferior surface of diaphragm
Coronary ligaments
37
Function of umbilical vein
Carried well-oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus
38
What is the fibrous remnant of the fetal ductus venosus?
Ligamentum venosum
39
Function of ligamentum venosum
Shunted blood from umbilical vein to the IVC, short-circuiting the liver
40
Blood supply of liver
Hepatic artery | Hepatic portal vein
41
Venous drainage of liver
Hepatic veins
42
Ligaments formed by the anterior and posterior folds of the coronary ligament
Triangular ligaments (left and right)
43
Coronary ligament has 2 folds called what?
Anterior and Posterior folds
44
Function of triangular ligaments
Attach each lobe of the liver to diaphragm
45
Which percentage of blood does the hepatic artery proper supply to the liver?
25%
46
Which percentage of blood does the hepatic portal vein supply to the liver?
75%
47
Supplies oxygenated blood
Hepatic artery proper
48
Supplies partially deoxygenated nutrient rich blood from GI tract
Hepatic portal vein
49
Drainage of the hepatic veins?
Into IVC
50
Where does the hepatic artery proper originate from?
Coeliac trunk
51
Blood from which 2 vessels mixes in the sinusoids?
Hepatic artery proper | Hepatic portal vein
52
Which vessels supply the hepatocytes>
Hepatic artery proper | Hepatic portal vein
53
Deoxygenated blood leaves via which vessel?
Central venule
54
What produces bile?
Hepatocytes
55
Transports bile from the liver to the gallbladder
Bile duct
56
How many hepatic segments are the portal lobes of the liver divided into?
8
57
Hepatic artery is a branch of which artery?
Coeliac trunk
58
The right and left lobes of the liver are supplied by which branches?
Right and left branches of hepatic artery and right and left branches of hepatic portal vein)
59
Name the 2 venous systems of the liver
Portal system | Systemic system
60
Transports partially deoxygenated blood to the liver for | processing
Portal system (portal vein drains into the liver)
61
Returns blood to the right atrum
``` Systemic system (Hepatic veins drain into IVC. IVC drains into right atrium of heart) ```
62
Communication between the portal and systemic venous systems
Porto-systemic anastomosis
63
Name the 4 sites of porto-systemic anastomosis
1. Oseophageal 2. Rectal 3. Retroperitoneal 4. Paraumbilical
64
if blood flow in the portal system is obstructed
Portal hypertension
65
Varices
Due to blood being redirected via porto-systemic anastomoses. Veins around anastomosis become dilated as there is increased blood flow
66
When is portal hypertension diagnosed?
Portal venous pressure is higher than 20mmHg
67
Where does the nerve supply of the liver derive from?
Hepatic nerve plexus
68
Hepatic nerve plexus is a derivate of what?
Celiac plexus
69
Hepatic nerve plexus has sympathetic fibres which derive from where?
Celiac plexus
70
Hepatic nerve plexus has parasympathetic fires which derive from where?
Anterior and posterior vagal trunks
71
Subperitoneal fibrous capsule of the liver
Glisson capsule
72
Innervation of Glisson capsule
Lower intercostal nerves
73
Lymphatic drainage of anterior aspect of liver
Hepatic lymph noes--> Colic lymph nodes--> Cisterna chyli
74
Lymphatic drainage of posterior aspect of liver
Phrenic + posterior mediastinal LN --> right lymphatic + thoracic ducts
75
Where are the hepatic lymph nodes located?
Around the hepatic vessels

Abdomen (14 decks)

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