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Abdomen > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

1
Q

Which two region is the liver located in?

A
  1. Right hypochondriac region

2. Epigastric region

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2
Q

Every substance absorbed by the alimentary tract is first received by the liver, except for what?

A

Lipids

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3
Q

The liver stores ______

The liver secretes ______

A

Stores glycogen

Secretes bile

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4
Q

Name the 2 surfaces of the liver

A

Diaphragmatic surface

Visceral surface

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5
Q

Which surface of the liver is anterosuperior?

A

Diaphragmatic surface

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6
Q

Which surface of the liver is posteroinferior?

A

Visceral surface

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7
Q

Which area of the liver is not covered with visceral peritoneum and is known as a ‘bare area’ due to it being in contact with the diaphragm?

A

Posterior aspect

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8
Q

Smooth and convex surface of the liver is known as…

A

Diaphragmatic surface

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9
Q

Irregular and flat surface of the liver is known as…

A

Visceral surface

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10
Q

Visceral surface is covered with peritoneum expect what 2 structures?

A
  1. Porta hepatis

2. Fossa of gallbladder

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11
Q

How many lobes does the liver have?

A

4 lobes

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12
Q

Name the 4 lobes of the liver?

A

Right
Left
Caudate
Quadrate

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13
Q

Which lobe is anterior, caudate or quadrate?

A

Caudate

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14
Q

Caudate and quadrate are only seen on what surface?

A

Visceral surface

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15
Q

What structure(s) separates the right and left lobe?

A 
Falciform ligament (anteriorly)
Left sagittal fissure (posteriorly)
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16
Q

What separates the caudate and quadrate lobes from the right lobe?

A

Right sagittal fissure

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17
Q

What separates the caudate and quadrate lobe?

A

Porta hepatis

Right and left sagittal fissures

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18
Q

How many functional lobes are there?

A

2

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19
Q

Name the 2 functional lobes of the liver

A

Right lobe

Left lobe

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20
Q

Caudate and quadrate are part of which lobe?

A

Right lobe

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21
Q

Transverse fissure dividing the caudate and quadrate lobes?

A

Porta hepatis

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22
Q

The diaphragmatic surface is in direct contact with what organ as a result of being ‘bare’?

A

Diaphragm

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23
Q

What 5 structures enter the porta hepatis?

A 
Portal vein
Hepatic artery
Hepatic nerve plexus
Hepatic ducts
Lymphatic vessels
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24
Q

What encloses the portal triad?

A

Lesser omentum

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25
Q

Name the 3 structures which make up the portal triad?

A

Portal vein
Hepatic artery
Bile duct

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26
Q

Thickened free edge of the lesser omentum which extends between the porta hepatis and the duodenum

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

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27
Q

Encloses the structures that pass through the porta hepatis

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

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28
Q

Passes from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the first 2cm of the duodenum

A

Lesser omentum

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29
Q

What 2 things mean that there is 2 functional lobes (portal lobes)

A
  1. Blood supply

2. Glandular secretion

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30
Q

Connects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach

A

Hepatogastric ligament

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31
Q

Connects the liver to the superior part of thre duodenum

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

32
Q

Attaches the anterior liver surface to anterior abdominal wall

A

Falciform ligament

33
Q

What ligament is the remnant of the umbilical vein?

A

Round ligament of the liver

34
Q

Another term for the round ligament of the liver

A

Ligamentum teres

35
Q

Where is the round ligament of the liver located?

A

Exists in the free edge of the falciform ligament

36
Q

Ligaments which attach the superior surface of liver to inferior surface of diaphragm

A

Coronary ligaments

37
Q

Function of umbilical vein

A

Carried well-oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus

38
Q

What is the fibrous remnant of the fetal ductus venosus?

A

Ligamentum venosum

39
Q

Function of ligamentum venosum

A

Shunted blood from umbilical vein to the IVC, short-circuiting the liver

40
Q

Blood supply of liver

A

Hepatic artery

Hepatic portal vein

41
Q

Venous drainage of liver

A

Hepatic veins

42
Q

Ligaments formed by the anterior and posterior folds of the coronary ligament

A

Triangular ligaments (left and right)

43
Q

Coronary ligament has 2 folds called what?

A

Anterior and Posterior folds

44
Q

Function of triangular ligaments

A

Attach each lobe of the liver to diaphragm

45
Q

Which percentage of blood does the hepatic artery proper supply to the liver?

A

25%

46
Q

Which percentage of blood does the hepatic portal vein supply to the liver?

A

75%

47
Q

Supplies oxygenated blood

A

Hepatic artery proper

48
Q

Supplies partially deoxygenated nutrient rich blood from GI tract

A

Hepatic portal vein

49
Q

Drainage of the hepatic veins?

A

Into IVC

50
Q

Where does the hepatic artery proper originate from?

A

Coeliac trunk

51
Q

Blood from which 2 vessels mixes in the sinusoids?

A

Hepatic artery proper

Hepatic portal vein

52
Q

Which vessels supply the hepatocytes>

A

Hepatic artery proper

Hepatic portal vein

53
Q

Deoxygenated blood leaves via which vessel?

A

Central venule

54
Q

What produces bile?

A

Hepatocytes

55
Q

Transports bile from the liver to the gallbladder

A

Bile duct

56
Q

How many hepatic segments are the portal lobes of the liver divided into?

A

8

57
Q

Hepatic artery is a branch of which artery?

A

Coeliac trunk

58
Q

The right and left lobes of the liver are supplied by which branches?

A

Right and left branches of hepatic artery and right and left branches of hepatic portal vein)

59
Q

Name the 2 venous systems of the liver

A

Portal system

Systemic system

60
Q

Transports partially deoxygenated blood to the liver for

processing

A

Portal system (portal vein drains into the liver)

61
Q

Returns blood to the right atrum

A 
Systemic system
(Hepatic veins drain into IVC. IVC drains into right atrium of heart)
62
Q

Communication between the portal and systemic venous systems

A

Porto-systemic anastomosis

63
Q

Name the 4 sites of porto-systemic anastomosis

A
  1. Oseophageal
  2. Rectal
  3. Retroperitoneal
  4. Paraumbilical
64
Q

if blood flow in the portal system is obstructed

A

Portal hypertension

65
Q

Varices

A

Due to blood being redirected via porto-systemic anastomoses. Veins around anastomosis become dilated as there is increased blood flow

66
Q

When is portal hypertension diagnosed?

A

Portal venous pressure is higher than 20mmHg

67
Q

Where does the nerve supply of the liver derive from?

A

Hepatic nerve plexus

68
Q

Hepatic nerve plexus is a derivate of what?

A

Celiac plexus

69
Q

Hepatic nerve plexus has sympathetic fibres which derive from where?

A

Celiac plexus

70
Q

Hepatic nerve plexus has parasympathetic fires which derive from where?

A

Anterior and posterior vagal trunks

71
Q

Subperitoneal fibrous capsule of the liver

A

Glisson capsule

72
Q

Innervation of Glisson capsule

A

Lower intercostal nerves

73
Q

Lymphatic drainage of anterior aspect of liver

A

Hepatic lymph noes–> Colic lymph nodes–> Cisterna chyli

74
Q

Lymphatic drainage of posterior aspect of liver

A

Phrenic + posterior mediastinal LN –> right lymphatic + thoracic ducts

75
Q

Where are the hepatic lymph nodes located?

A

Around the hepatic vessels

Abdomen (14 decks)

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