Pancreas Flashcards
Location of pancreas
in the epigastrium and LT hypochondrium
What is the shape of pancreas
Dumbell or comma
Facts of the pancreas
- Mostly retroperitoneal
- Transverse oblique organ
Total length of pancreas
12 - 18 cm
Length of head pancreas..
2 -3 cm
Length of neck..
1.5 - 2.5 cm
Length of body..
2 -3 cm
Length of tail..
1 - 2 cm
The length of the splenic vein should be seen in its____
entirety to accurate measure the tail
The pancreas head is located..
- Anterior to IVC
- Lateral to PSC
- Inferior to caudate lobe
- Medial / cradled in the c-loop of duodenum
- CBD posterolateral head
- GDA anterolateral head
The uncinate process is located..
- Anterior to the IVC
- Posterior to the SMV (PSC)
The pancreas neck is located..
- Anterior to the SMV
- Anterior to the PSC
Arterial supply of the pancreas includes..
- the pancreaticoduodenal arteries
- branches of the splenic artery
Anterior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries supply the..
- head of pancreas
- pancreatic arcades
Which vascular systems are the pancreatic arcades connected to?
- Hepatic
- Splenic
- SMA
What organ does the pancreatic splenic artery supply blood to ?
Tail of pancreas
Location of pancreatic splenic artery
- Originates from celiac axis
- Runs along the superior edge of the pancreas body and tail.
- Parallel to the SV
Pancreas is a ______ and ______ gland
Exocrine and endocrine
What percentage of the pancreas makes up an exocrine gland?
90%
What percentage of the pancreas makes up an endocrine gland?
10%
Exocrine gland function
- Carries out acini cells
-production of 2 liters of pancreatic juice a day - Production of enzymes that help digest fats, protein, carbs, and nucleic acids
Types of enzymes produced by the pancreas..
Amylase
Lipase
Nucleases
Sodium bicarbonateate
Trypsin, chymotrypsin, carbohoxypepitase
Function of amylase enzyme
digests carbs
Function of lipase enzyme
digests fat
Function of nucleases
digest nucleic acids
Function of sodium bicarbonate enzyme
(Largest part of pancreatic juice)
neutralized hydrochloric acids from the stomach
Pancreatic juice pours into the duodenum through the main pancreatic duct also called the..
Duct of wirsung
accessory duct of the exocrine function is also called
The duct of santorini
Where the CBD and pancreatic ducts enter discharge substances that aid in the digestive process..
Ampulla of vator
The muscle surrounding the ampulla of cater that controls the flow of pancreatic juice
Sphincter of Oddi
The endocrine functions only _____
2% pancreatic function
Where is the hormonal function located
Islets of Langerhans
Types of cells and their actions..
Beta cell: 60-70% of endocrine cells produce insulin to create glycogen. Decreasing blood sugar
Alpa cell: 15- 20% produces glucagon to convert glucose. Increasing blood sugar
Delta cell: produces somatostatin inhibiting production of insulin and glucose
Sonographic appearance of pancreas
How long does the patient have to be NPO for imaging a pancreas?
6 - 8 hours
How would you be able to create a window with the stomach to help view pancreas
Have patient’s drink a glass of water
Transverse plane is _____ axis of pancrea
Long
Longitudinal plane is _____ axis
short
Condition in which a ring of pancreatic tissue surrounds the second portion (C-loop) of the duodenum
Annular pancreas
Tissue that has no vascular or structural connection to the body of the pancreas. Because ectopic tissues may be as small as 1 cm in size, the condition can be difficult to detect with sonography ?
Ectopic (heterotopic, aberrant) pancreas:
When Sonographically, the tail may appear to be grossly enlarged that is a rare variation
Partial duplication of the pancreas tail
Reasons why pancreas sonograms are done..
- Associated biliary obstruction
- Diagnosis and follow-up evaluation of acute
and chronic pancreatitis - Diagnosis and follow-up evaluation of pancreatic pseudocysts
- Endoscopic pancreatic ultrasound for identification of pancreatic lesions on patients whose CT results were inconclusive
