GI system Flashcards
What does the GI tract include
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small and large intestines
AKA the alimentary canal
The primary function of the GI
Digestion and absorption of nutrients
-Largest endocrine organ in the body
Most digestive process takes place in the ..
small bowel
Large bowel absorbs..
Remaining fluid and finally eliminates undigested products
The IMA supplies the..
large intestine from the left border of the transverse colon to the rectum
Branches of the IMA
Left colic artery
Sigmoid artery
Superior rectal artery
Venous return from the small and large intestine empties into the..
Portal system via vessels that parallel the SMA branches
Carbs, proteins, fats, vitamins, and some fluids including water and electrolytes are digest in the ______ bowel
small
The stomach is between what two organs?
Between the esophagus and the first part of the small intestine
The stomach is located in which regions?
Left hypochondrium and epigastric regions
What are the 3 parts of the stomach?
Fundus, corpus (body), pylorus
What are the 2 openings to the stomach?
Gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), pyloric function (GDA)
What are the 2 curves of the stomach?
Lesser curve and greater curve
What are the functions of the stomach?
Stores food, mixes food into chyme, slowly empties into the duodenum
The stomach is _____ to the tail of the pancreas.
Anterior
The stomach is _______ to the spleen.
Anterior and medial
The stomach is ________ and ______ to the LK and LT adrenal gland.
Superior; anterior
The stomach is ______ and mostly ______ to LLL.
Inferior; posterior
The stomach is ______ to the diaphragm.
Inferior
The stomach is _______ and slightly _______ to splenic flexure and transverse colon.
Superior; anterior
What are the parts of the duodenum and jejunum?
Superior, descending, transverse, ascending
Which arteries supply the small and large intestines?
CA, SMA, & IMA
Which artery supplies the duodenum from its gastric, gastroduodenal, and superior pancreaticduodenal branches?
The celiac artery
The SMA supplies branches to?
The intestines - the small & large intestines
The IMA supplies the ______ intestines.
Large
Venous return from the small and large intestine empties where?
Portal vein system
The pyloris should measure out to be:
Less than 4mm
The esophagus extends from ______ to ______.
Pharynx to stomach
The esophagus is _______ to the thyroid.
Posterior
Movement in the GI tract is called:
Peristalsis
The esophagus is ______ to the trachea.
Posterior
The esophagus is ________ to the spine.
Anterior
The diaphragm is ______ to the GEJ.
Superior
The stomach is where the stomach connects to the:
Duodenum
Where the stomach connects to the duodenum at the pyloris is the:
GDA— gastroduodenal junction
The folds that make up the inner lining of the stomach are called:
Rugae
Is the stomach intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?
Intraperitoneal
What is HPS?
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis - the pyloric muscle may become hypertrophied/thickened causing a delay or obstructed gastric emptying in infants
What is a palpable mass (‘olive’) located in the epigastric region?
HPS
The muscle thickness for HPS (abnormal) is greater than:
4mm
What are the 3 sections of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
What hormone is secreted from inside the duodenum?
CCK
The folds in the small intestines are called:
Plicae — they have villi
Which part of the small intestines connects to the large?
Ileum
The inner folds within the large intestines are called:
Haustra
The large intestines extend from ______ to ________.
Ileocecal valve to anus
McBurney’s point is the location of the:
Appendix
Appendix wall should measure out to be less than _____ mm.
2
If the appendix is greater than 2 mm, then that means:
Appendicitis
AP diameter for a normal appendix should measure out to be less than ______ mm.
6
