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Intro To Sono > Breast > Flashcards

Breast Flashcards

1
Q

Mammary glands are modified..

A

Sweat glands

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2
Q

They are _____ organs

A

Exocrine

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3
Q

Breast are ______ to the pectoralis major and minor muscles

A

Anterior

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4
Q

Breast are composed of..

A

Fatty, glandular and fibrous connective tissue

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5
Q

Loosely attached to..

A

muscle fascia

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6
Q

Normal variant for nipple

A

Inversion

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7
Q

numerous sebaceous glands in the areola that appear as small bumps are..

A

Montgomery’s glands

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8
Q

produce oil that serves as a protective substance discouraging bacterial growth, reducing infection are..

A

Sebaceous glands

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9
Q

Tail of Spence is the..

A

portion of the artery that extends into the region of the axilla

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10
Q

Cooper’s ligament (suspensory ligament)

A
  • Firmly attach gland to the skin
  • Extend radially from the deep fascial plane to the skin.
  • Enclose fat lobules
  • Provide support to the glandular structures
  • Cause a lot of refraction shadowing
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11
Q

3 layers of the breast

A
  • Premammary zone (subcutaneous)
  • Mammary zone (breast parenchyma)
  • Retromammary zone
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12
Q

Subcutaneous fat (amount varies) & connective tissue
Fat not in the retroareolar area is the…

A

Premammary zone

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13
Q

Epithelial ( functional), Stromal (connective & fat) is the..

A

Mammary zone

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14
Q

Fat & deep connective tissue is the..

A

Retromammary zone

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15
Q

In the parenchyma..

A
  • 15-20 overlapping segments called lobes
  • Each lobe is divided into 20-40 lobules
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16
Q

Nipple is..

A

Round fibromuscular papilla projecting from the center of the breast

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17
Q

Nipple has..

A

Multiple opening for major ducts

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18
Q

Small circular area of pigmented skin is the..

A

areola

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19
Q

Lobes in the breast is arranged in a..

A

radial fashion

20
Q

Focal enlargement of the major ducts beneath the areola..

A

Lactiferous sinus

21
Q

Stroma supports..

A

the breast in all 3 layers
located between and within the lobes

22
Q

Terminal ducts in the TDLU’s..

A

drain into the network of larger ducts

23
Q

TDLU stands for

A

Terminal ductal lobular unit

24
Q

Ducts drain and converge

25
Q

Acini + terminal end of duct =

26
Q

Each lobule contains..

A

acini cells clustered on the terminal ends of each duct

27
Q

Most breast pathology are found in..

28
Q

Acini cells..

A
  • Develop during pregnancy, involute after lactation ceases
  • Produce milk
29
Q

Anatomy of the breast

30
Q

3 distinct layer of breast seen in imaging..

A

Anterior (subcutaneous)
Middle (mammary or parenchymal)
Posterior (Retromammary)

31
Q

Sonographic appearance varies with..

A

age and functional state of breast

32
Q

Subcutaneous layer appears..

A

Hypoechoic to surrounding parenchymal tissue

33
Q

Mammary and parenchymal appear..

A

fat is seen between parenchymal elements; varies with age and function; breasts become more fatty with age, mammary layer atrophies and subcut. becomes more prominent.

34
Q

Retromammary appear..

A

bordered posteriorly by the pectoralis major muscle

35
Q

Fat appears..

A

hypoechoic

36
Q

Ducts appear..

A

anechoic, tubular structures

37
Q

Cooper’s ligaments appear..

A

echogenic, bright linear echoes

38
Q

Parenchymal appears..

A

medium to low level echoes

39
Q

Nipple appears..

A

produces a shadow

40
Q

Instead of using transverse and sagittal..

A

radial and antiradial in breast

41
Q

Antiradial is ________ to the radial plane

A

perpendicular

42
Q

1 2 3 divides the breast in

A

concentric circles

43
Q

Lesion characteristics

A
  • Heterogeneous / Homogeneous
  • Echogenicity
  • Shadowing / Enhancement
  • Taller than Wide vs Wider than Tall
  • Borders / Margins
  • Smooth / Irregular / Angular
44
Q

Malignancy chacteristics

A
  • Hypoechoic mass
  • Irregular margins
  • Posterior shadowing
  • Spiculation
  • “Taller than wide”
  • Internal blood flow as demonstrated with color or power Doppler
45
Q

Ultrasound guided breast procedures

A
  • Cyst Aspiration
  • FNA (fine needle aspiration)
  • Core Bx
  • Vacuum Assisted Bx
  • Needle Localization
  • Mammosite
46
Q

How the breast is imaged..

47
Q

Breast mass in men..

A

Gynecomastia

Intro To Sono (23 decks)

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