Male pelvis

Question 1

What are the seminal vesicles and what do they do?

Answer 1

They are paired glands that join with the ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct.

Question 2

The seminal vesicles lie _______ & ______ to the bladder.

Answer 2

Posterior & inferior.

Question 3

The seminal vesicles lie _____ & ______ to the prostate.

Answer 3

Posterior and superior.

Question 4

How do seminal vesicles appear in transverse? How do they appear in sag?

Answer 4

Long-axis = transverse
Ovoid (egg-shaped) = sagittal.

Question 5

What structure secretes thick, viscous fluid that joins with the sperm conveyed through prostatic ducts to the prostatic urethra?

Answer 5

The prostate.

Question 6

The prostate is divided into how many zones?

Answer 6

3 zones: Central zone, Transitional zone, Peripheral zone.

Question 7

Which zone of the prostate lies anterior and is located centrally in the prostate?

Answer 7

The central zone.

Question 8

Which zone of the prostate lies medial to the central zone and compromises about 5% of the prostate tissue?

Answer 8

The transitional zone.

Question 9

Which zone of the prostate is the largest and makes up 70-75% of the prostate?

Answer 9

The peripheral zone.

Question 10

Sonographic appearance of the male prostate is ______geneous.

Answer 10

Heterogeneous.

Question 11

Is the prostate symmetric in shape and size on ultrasound?

Answer 11

True.

Question 12

The central zone appears slightly ______echoic to the peripheral zone.

Answer 12

Hypo.

Question 13

The peripheral zones are ______echoic to the central zone.

Answer 13

Hyper.

Question 14

Most cancers are found in which zone of the prostate?

Answer 14

The peripheral zone.

Question 15

What is fluid that consists of sperm and secretions of the prostate, seminal vesicles, and other glands associated with the male urogenital tract?

Answer 15

Semen.

Question 16

Prostate gland and seminal vesicles secrete ______ fluid that contributes to sperm viability.

Answer 16

Alkaline.

Question 17

What is the normal lab value for serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA)?

Answer 17

Normal value = less than 4.0 — anything greater = presence of disease.

Question 18

What are the most common diseases and disorders of the male reproductive system?

Answer 18

• benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) — TURP
• epididymitis
• impotence
• prostate cancer (PSA)
• testicular cancer
• cryptorchidism
• testicular torsion.

Question 19

What are the treatments for prostate cancer?

Answer 19

• hormone therapy
• chemotherapy
• radiation
• prostatectomy.

Question 20

What does the male pelvis include?

Answer 20

• scrotum
• testicles
• seminal vesicles
• prostate
• penis
• related structures.

Question 21

What is the pouch of skin that is continuous with the abdomen?

Answer 21

Scrotum.

Question 22

What is the external ridge that divides the scrotum into lateral portions?

Answer 22

Median raphe.

Question 23

What is the internal septum that divides the scrotum?

Answer 23

Tunica dartos.

Question 24

What muscle surrounds each testicle and regulates temperature?

Answer 24

Cremaster muscle.

Question 25

What kind of glands are the testicles?

Answer 25

Endocrine and exocrine.

Question 26

What do the testes produce?

Answer 26

Testosterone and sperm.

Question 27

What is the innermost fascial layer of the scrotum?

Answer 27

Internal spermatic fascia.

Question 28

What are the two layers of the peritoneum that continue into the scrotal sac?

Answer 28

Tunica vaginalis — inner layer attached to the testicle, outer layer attached to the internal spermatic fascia.

Question 29

The testicles should be ____ to _____ cm in length.

Answer 29

3-5 cm.

Question 30

What is the dense, white, fibrous tissue that covers each testis?

Answer 30

Tunica albuginea.

Question 31

What portion of the tunica albuginea forms support for the ducts and vessels entering and exiting the testicle?

Answer 31

Mediastinum testis.

Question 32

Where is sperm produced?

Answer 32

In the seminiferous tubules of the testes.

Question 33

Each lobule of the testes contains how many seminiferous tubules?

Answer 33

1-3.

Question 34

What do the seminiferous tubules form at the mediastinum?

Answer 34

Rete testis.

Question 35

The rete testis empty into the ________ and then into the _________.

Answer 35

Efferent ducts; epididymis.

Question 36

What arteries are in the testis and where do they branch off of?

Answer 36

Internal spermatic (gonadal arteries). They branch off the aorta.

Question 37

What veins are in the testicles and where do they branch off from?

Answer 37

Right and left gonadal veins. Right gonadal branches from IVC; left gonadal branches from LRV.

Question 38

What kind of resistance arterial blood flow is in the testicles?

Answer 38

Low resistance.

Question 39

What is the highly echogenic line running along the long axis of the testes?

Answer 39

Mediastinum testes.

Question 40

What are the 3 things to compare when scanning the testicles?

Answer 40

- Size - Echogenicity - Blood flow.

Question 41

Vital organs are always _____ resistance blood flow.

Answer 41

Low.

Question 42

Where does the epididymis lie?

Answer 42

Along the posterolateral border of the testis.

Question 43

What is the structure of the epididymis?

Answer 43

Composed of a single convoluted tubule that empties into the ductus vas deferens.

Question 44

The epididymis is divided into what parts?

Answer 44

Head, body, tail.

Question 45

What extends from the scrotum through the inguinal canals?

Answer 45

The spermatic cord.

Question 46

How many spermatic cords are there?

Answer 46

Two — right and left.

Question 47

What is the composition of the penis?

Answer 47

Two corpora cavernosa (situated dorsolaterally) & a single corpus spongiosum (in midventral region).

Question 48

What are the arteries of the penis?

Answer 48

Paired internal pudendal arteries — divide into deep artery of penis and bulbourethral artery.

Question 49

Which artery of the penis supplies the corpora cavernosa?

Answer 49

Deep artery of penis.

Question 50

What are the main veins of the penis?

Answer 50

Superficial dorsal vein and deep dorsal vein.

Question 51

The corpus spongiosum lies ______ to the paired corpus cavernosa.

Answer 51

Anterior.

Question 52

The corpus spongiosum has a _____geneous texture.

Answer 52

Homo.

Question 53

The corpora cavernosa lies _____ to the corpus spongiosum.

Answer 53

Posterior.

Question 54

What is the highly echogenic covering of the corpus cavernosa?

Answer 54

Tunica albuginea.

Question 55

What is the echogenic plane dividing the two corpora cavernosa?

Answer 55

Septum penis.

Question 56

What is cryptorchidism?

Answer 56

Undescended testes.

Question 57

Where are common locations of undescended testes?

Answer 57

- inguinal canal - external inguinal ring - abdomen.

Question 58

What is the most common malignancy in men between the ages of 15 & 35?

Answer 58

Testicular cancer.