pancreas Flashcards
function of the exocrine pancreas
digestion
what are the 2 major components of pancreatic juice and functions
HCO3- to neutralise stomach acid and therefore protect SI mucosa.
enzymes to digest food material for absorption in SI.
what does pancreatic juice have a similar composition to
blood
what are the 3 enzymes in exocrine pancreas and what are their functions
proteases secreted in inactive form to prevent auto-digestion
amylase to break down starch to maltose
lipases/phospholipases to break down fat to glycerol/fatty acids
what is secretin released from
duodenum in response to H+
what is CCK released from
duodenum in response to fat/protein metabolites/ monoglycerides/ peptides
function of endocrine pancreas
regulation of metabolism
what are the hormones involved in the endocrine pancreas
insulin
glucagon
somatostatin
what is insulin
peptide hormone released in response to increased plasma levels of glucose and amino acids
ANS regulation of insulin
parasympathetic activity via vagus increases insulin secretion
sympathetic activity and and adrenaline release decrease insulin secretion
actions of insulin
increases glucose uptake in many cell types
increases glycogen synthesis
decreases gluconeogenesis
reduces plasma glucose concentration
increases cell stores of glycogen
increases triglyceride synthesis
reduces plasma concentration FFA
increases cell stores of triglyceride
increases amino acid uptake in many cell types
increases protein synthesis
reduces plasma concentration of amino acids
what does hyperglycaemia result in
polyuria/polydypsia
what is hypoglycaemia caused by
insulin overdose
what kind of reaction is insulin production
anabolic
what is glucagon
peptide hormone released in response to decreased levels of glucose and amino acids
