Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

gastrointestinal > liver > Flashcards

liver Flashcards

1
Q

where is the liver located

A

dome of the diaphragm within the abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what do liver lobes allow

A

movement of organ due to diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the liver surrounded by

A

capsule of connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are hepatocytes

A

chief functional cells of liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do hepatocytes do

A

absorb molecules from space of disse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is bile canalicus

A

dilated intracellular space between cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does the biliary system do

A

conveys bile from liver to duodenal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the hierarchy of the biliary system

A

hepatocytes
canaliculi
ductules
ducts
hepatic bile ducts + gallbladder - cystic duct
common bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

blood supply of the liver

A

hepatic portal vein
hepatic artery
sinusoids
central veins
hepatic veins
caudal vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

shape of hepatic lobules and what are they made of

A

hexagonal
plates of hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the functional unit of the liver

A

hepatic acinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are sinusoids

A

vascular channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

functions of the liver

A

detoxification of body wastes, xenobiotics and drugs
synthesis of cholesterol and bile ducts
synthesis of plasma proteins
breakdown of RBC
carbohydrate, lipid and amino acids metabolism
removal of bacteria
production of clotting factors
storage of glycogen, iron, copper and vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

purpose of detoxification and clearance

A

removes harmful substances from blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how are RBCs removed from blood

A

by macrophages in spleen and liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what part do bile pigments play in digestion

A

no part
waste route for haem

17
Q

functions of bile

A

promotes hydrolysis by lipases
facilitates intestinal absorption of lipids
exit route for waste products and drugs

18
Q

what is bile composed of

A

water
electrolytes
biliary proteins
bile pigments
cholesterol
phospholipids
bile acids

19
Q

where is bile stored

A

gall bladder

20
Q

what are secondary bile acids

A

primary acids moved into ileum and deconjugated and converted into secondary bile acids

21
Q

process of bile acid secretion

A

transported into bile canaliculus
bile canaliculi isolated from hepatocyte cell membrane by tight junctions to prevent leakage
bile canaliculi feed into large canals
bile emptied into duodenum at major duodenal papilla
bile salts not soluble so remain in SI lumen until actively reabsorbed in ileum

22
Q

what is the recycling of bile acids called

A

enterohepatic circulation

23
Q

regulation of bile secretion

A

parasympathetic system
CCK and Secretin
amount of bile salts returning to liver via enterohepatic circulation

24
Q

why is CCK released in bile secretion

A

presence of fat in duodenum

25
Q

why is secretin released in bile secretion

A

response to presence of acid chyme in duodenum

26
Q

role of cck in regulation of bile secretion

A

causes contraction of gall bladder and relaxation of sphincter of oddi

27
Q

role of secretin in regulation of bile secretin

A

stimulates release of pancreatic juice

28
Q

causes of liver disease

A

infection
poisoning
tumours

29
Q

what will onset of liver disease affect

A

major liver functions -
bile acid recycling
detoxifiction
metabolic functions

30
Q

clinical signs of liver disease

A

hepatic dysfunction
depression, decreased appetite and lethargy
stunting and weight loss
vomiting and diarrhoea
polyuria and polydipsia
ascites and altered liver size
jaundice
bleeding tendency

31
Q

what is released into blood when liver damaged

A

liver enzymes

32
Q

what is cholestasis

A

A condition which impairs the flow of bile from the liver to the small intestine by either slowing or stopping the flow.

33
Q

what is intrahepatic cholestasis

A

decrease in secretion of bile by hepatocytes
causes infections eg hepatitis or sepsis

34
Q

what is extrahepatic cholestasis

A

obstruction of gall bladder
causes are tumour, gallstones or inflammation of gall bladder
clinical signs are jaundice

35
Q

what do porto-systemic shunts do

A

connect portal circulation direct to caudal vena cava
blood bypasses liver

36
Q

clinal signs of needing porto-systemic shunts

A

liver unable to detoxify waste prodcucts - hyperammoniaemia, depression/tumours, head pressing
polyuria/polydipsia
worse after eating

gastrointestinal (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions