pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

What is pancreatitis associated with

A

ETOH
biliary obstruction
trauma
hyperlipidemia

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2
Q

what is the cause of acute pancreatitis

A

an obstruction of the exocrine pancreatic juices

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3
Q

How does ETOH lead to pancreatitis

A

Damage the acing cells and cause a protein buildup within the sphincter of oddi

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4
Q

What is chronic pancreatitis

A

fibrotic destruction of the pancreas with calcification

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5
Q

What causes chronic pancreatitis

A

ETOH
smoking
recurrent acute pancreatitis

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6
Q

What symptoms may a patient have with chronic pancreatitis

A

weight loss
decreased vitamin absorption
exocrine/endocrine dysfunction

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7
Q

What is PKU

A

phenylketonuria
amino acid metabolism disorder
*congenital/autosomal recessive

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8
Q

What is the cause of PKU

A

hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase coverts phenylalanine to tyrosine

in PKU phenylalanine hydroxylase in deficient

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9
Q

What is Tyrosine and why is it important

A

amino acid that helps create protein and is needed for neurotransmitters

produces melanin

helps manufacture and regulate hormones

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10
Q

What does PKU cause

A

elevated phenylalanine which leads to
-oxidative stress
-intellectual disability
-decreased brain development
- heart defects
-skin changes

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11
Q

Why does PKU lead to decreased brain development

A

it leads to issues with myelination and neurotransmitter synthesis

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12
Q

Why does PKU lead to decreased brain development

A

it leads to issues with myelination and neurotransmitter synthesis

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13
Q

What is hereditary hemochromatosis

A

congenital abnormality leading to increased iron absorption leading to iron overload

autosomal recessive
HFE gene disorder

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14
Q

Where is Hepcidin made and what is its function

A

liver
regulate iron levels through changes in absorption

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15
Q

What is Hepcidin regulated by

A

systemic iron levels, hypoxia, anemia, erythropoiesis, infection, and inflammation

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16
Q

What is Wilson disease

A

genetic disorder leading to copper metabolism mutation

*autosomal recessive

17
Q

What is occurring with Wilson disease

A

dysfunction of copper transporter gene ATP7B leading to accumulation of copper in tissue

Copper accumulation leads to hepatocyte injury (necrosis)

18
Q

What is the common tissue for copper to accumulate with Wilson disease

A

Brain
Liver
Cornea

19
Q

What are Kayser-fleischer rings

A

Copper ring around the cornea

20
Q

What are the types of gallstones

A

Cholesterol
pigmented
mixed

21
Q

What are the different pigmented stones

A

black = hard
brown = soft

22
Q

What are complications for choledocholithiasis

A

acute pancreatitis
ascending cholangitis

23
Q

What is charcots triad

A

Jaundice
RUQ
Fever