1000ft view part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many lobes are in the liver

A

4 lobes

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2
Q

What is the Couinaud classification

A

The functional anatomy breaks the liver into 9 sections

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3
Q

What is the porta hepatis

A

Where the hepatic artery, portal vein, left/right hepatic duct enter

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4
Q

What covers the outside of the liver

A

Glisson capsule
*contains neuromuscular supply

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5
Q

What part of the liver is not covered by peritoneum

A

Posteriorly

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6
Q

What separated the right and left and right lobes of the liver

A

Falciform ligament
*attaches to anterior abdominal wall

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7
Q

What is the ligamentum teres (Round ligament) of the liver

A

Extension off the falciform ligament that attaches to umbilicus

Remnant of the umbilical vein

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8
Q

What attaches the liver to the diaphragm

A

Coronary ligament

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9
Q

How much of the CO goes to the liver

A

25%

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10
Q

How much venous blood is in the liver

A

1000-1200mL/min

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11
Q

How much arterial blood is in the liver

A

400-500 mL/min

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12
Q

What is the functional unit of the liver

A

liver lobule

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13
Q

What type of cells make up the liver lobule

A

hepatocytes

*functional unit for protein production

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14
Q

What are sinusoids in the liver

A

capillaries between hepatocytes that receive both arterial and venous blood

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15
Q

Where do sinusoids drain

A

central vein which then drains into hepatic vein -> IVC

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16
Q

What is the hepatic triad

A

Bile ductule
branch of portal vein
branch of hepatic artery

17
Q

What are Kupffer cells

A

phagocytes
*#1 nom nom cells in the body but stay in the liver

18
Q

Where are kupffer cells found

A

in the sinusoids of the liver

19
Q

What makes up bile

A

bile salts (acids)
cholesterol
bilirubin
electrolytes
water

20
Q

What is the ampulla of vater

A

Where the gallbladder connects to the duodenum and the area just before the sphincter of oddi

21
Q

Where do bile salts get reabsorbed

A

terminal ileum and then returned to portal circulation

22
Q

What is heme converted to before entering plasma

A

Bilirubin

23
Q

What type of bilirubin is lipid soluble

A

unconjugated (bound to albumin)

24
Q

What happens with conjugated bilirubin

A

turns into bile (green/black color)

25
Q

What does glucagon do in the body

A

increased cardiac contraction
increase renal blood flow
increase bile excretion
stops gastric acid secretion

26
Q

When do glucagon levels increase

A

during exercise

27
Q

What does the liver make

A

bile
albumin

28
Q

What is albumin needed for

A

transport of hormones, fats, nutrients, meds

maintain intravascular volume (osmotic pressure)

29
Q

Where are most of the clotting factors made

A

liver
-Fibrinogen
-Thrombin
-Vit K clotting factors
- Thrombopoetin

30
Q

What factors does the liver make to help break down clots

A

plasminogen
antithrombin

31
Q

What does the liver make to help with blood pressed

A

Angiotensinogen

32
Q

What immune proteins does the liver make

A

Complement proteins
C-reactive peptide

33
Q

What will the hepatocytes do in the liver

A

Breakdown toxic substances

34
Q

What is the product of protein breakdown in the body

A

Ammonia
*concerned about this level in alcoholics

35
Q

What is vitamin D necessary for

A

calcium absorption

36
Q

What is responsible for protein breakdown

A

trypsin
chymotrypsin