intestines and appendix

Question 1

What are the different types of pain associated with the abdomen

Answer 1

Visceral
Somatic pain
Referred pain
Peritonitis

Question 2

What type of pain is visceral abdominal pain

Answer 2

autonomic innervation and will be stimulated by distention and distraction
*vague

Question 3

What type of pain is somatic pain

Answer 3

localized discomfort from the parietal peritoneum
*sharp
*generally associated with inflammation or infection

Question 4

What type of pain is peritonitis

Answer 4

inflammation of the peritoneal cavity
*fluid in the peritoneum from underlying process

Question 5

What is SBP

Answer 5

spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Question 6

What is the vasa recta

Answer 6

Important for delivering nutrients deep into the layers of the GI

*related to diverticula

Question 7

What is a common cause of an acute lower GI bleed

Answer 7

Diverticulosis

Question 8

What is the western Diet associated with

Answer 8

Diverticular disease

Question 9

What causes diverticulitis

Answer 9

fecolith develops in the outpouching in the bowel

Question 10

What causes ischemic bowel disease

Answer 10

mesenteric ischemia, decreasing BF to the bowel

Question 11

What does diminished blood flow to the bowel cause systemically

Answer 11

hypotension
arrhythmia
sepsis

Question 12

What is inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 12

chronic, relapsing, immunologic diseases hallmarked by GI upset, abdominal pain, weight loss, and fatigue

Question 13

What is the genetic predisposition for IBD

Answer 13

HLA-B27

Question 14

What is occurring in the bowel, leading to IBD

Answer 14

inflammatory response driven by T helper cells and cytokines

Question 15

What occurs with UC after the initial reaction

Answer 15

The B cell line will create antibodies against peri nuclear anti-neutrophil antibodies

Question 16

Where does UC initially present

Answer 16

rectum and then spreads proximally
*ulcers form in the mucosal lining of the colon

Question 17

What is another name for crohns disease

Answer 17

granulomatous colitis

Question 18

Where is Crohns most common

Answer 18

ascending colon and ileum

Question 19

Which type of IBD is friable

Answer 19

UC

Question 20

What is toxic megacolon

Answer 20

excessive dilation of the colon
*rare complication of UC

Question 21

What is toxic megacolon typically associated with

Answer 21

C.Diff
E.Coli
Salmonella

Question 22

What is occurring in the bowel with toxic megacolon

Answer 22

inflammation extends into the smooth muscle layer, inhibiting muscle function

Question 23

How big is the colon with toxic megacolon

Answer 23

> 6cm diameter and it also increases the risk of perforation

Question 24

What is a psuedoobstruction

Answer 24

an adynamic ileus (sleepy bowel)

Question 25

What occurs in the body with a bowel obstruction

Answer 25

build up of food, gas, and secretions causing distention, malabsorption, volume depletion, and electrolyte imbalance

Question 26

What is the most common cause of an SBO

Answer 26

adhesions *typically from surgery but can be due to inflammation from PID etc

Question 27

What is an ileus

Answer 27

a functional obstruction

Question 28

What are ileus associated with

Answer 28

post op opioids sepsis/inflammation bleeding severe electrolyte imbalance neurogenic

Question 29

What are LBO associated with

Answer 29

fecal obstruction, tumor, sigmoid volvulus

Question 30

Where are volvulus most common

Answer 30

cecum or sigmoid *twist around mesentery

Question 31

What are the different types of constipation

Answer 31

normal transit constipation slow transit constipation pelvic floor dysfunction

Question 32

What is normal transit constipation

Answer 32

difficulty with passage of stool that is able to make it down the sigmoid *functional constipation

Question 33

What is normal transit constipation associated with

Answer 33

low fiber diet low H2O

Question 34

What is occurring with pelvic floor dysfunction constipation

Answer 34

anal sphincter does not relax or a good squeeze isn't possible

Question 35

What is fecal impaction

Answer 35

When the person becomes too dehydrated and the stool becomes too large to be able to pass

Question 36

What typically causes appendicitis

Answer 36

a fecolith that will allow for an accumulation of secretions and bacteria can proliferate

Question 37

What is the dentate line and where is it found

Answer 37

Separates the anal canal in half

Question 38

What in the anus does the dentate line separate

Answer 38

vasculature and innervation

Question 39

What are the different catagories of hernias

Answer 39

Reducible incarcerated strangulated

Question 40

What is an anal fissure

Answer 40

tear in the anoderm *m/c in the distal 1/2 of the rectum

Question 41

What are anal fissures associated with

Answer 41

trauma constipation diarrhea vaginal delivery crohns infectious

Question 42

If a hemorrhoid is proximal to the dentate line, will it be painful

Answer 42

no, not part of the innervated area of the anus