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CABS GI > intestines and appendix > Flashcards

intestines and appendix Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of pain associated with the abdomen

A

Visceral
Somatic pain
Referred pain
Peritonitis

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2
Q

What type of pain is visceral abdominal pain

A

autonomic innervation and will be stimulated by distention and distraction
*vague

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3
Q

What type of pain is somatic pain

A

localized discomfort from the parietal peritoneum
*sharp
*generally associated with inflammation or infection

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4
Q

What type of pain is peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneal cavity
*fluid in the peritoneum from underlying process

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5
Q

What is SBP

A

spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

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6
Q

What is the vasa recta

A

Important for delivering nutrients deep into the layers of the GI

*related to diverticula

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7
Q

What is a common cause of an acute lower GI bleed

A

Diverticulosis

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8
Q

What is the western Diet associated with

A

Diverticular disease

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9
Q

What causes diverticulitis

A

fecolith develops in the outpouching in the bowel

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10
Q

What causes ischemic bowel disease

A

mesenteric ischemia, decreasing BF to the bowel

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11
Q

What does diminished blood flow to the bowel cause systemically

A

hypotension
arrhythmia
sepsis

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12
Q

What is inflammatory bowel disease

A

chronic, relapsing, immunologic diseases hallmarked by GI upset, abdominal pain, weight loss, and fatigue

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13
Q

What is the genetic predisposition for IBD

A

HLA-B27

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14
Q

What is occurring in the bowel, leading to IBD

A

inflammatory response driven by T helper cells and cytokines

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15
Q

What occurs with UC after the initial reaction

A

The B cell line will create antibodies against peri nuclear anti-neutrophil antibodies

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16
Q

Where does UC initially present

A

rectum and then spreads proximally
*ulcers form in the mucosal lining of the colon

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17
Q

What is another name for crohns disease

A

granulomatous colitis

18
Q

Where is Crohns most common

A

ascending colon and ileum

19
Q

Which type of IBD is friable

A

UC

20
Q

What is toxic megacolon

A

excessive dilation of the colon
*rare complication of UC

21
Q

What is toxic megacolon typically associated with

A

C.Diff
E.Coli
Salmonella

22
Q

What is occurring in the bowel with toxic megacolon

A

inflammation extends into the smooth muscle layer, inhibiting muscle function

23
Q

How big is the colon with toxic megacolon

A

> 6cm diameter and it also increases the risk of perforation

24
Q

What is a psuedoobstruction

A

an adynamic ileus (sleepy bowel)

25
Q

What occurs in the body with a bowel obstruction

A

build up of food, gas, and secretions causing distention, malabsorption, volume depletion, and electrolyte imbalance

26
Q

What is the most common cause of an SBO

A

adhesions
*typically from surgery but can be due to inflammation from PID etc

27
Q

What is an ileus

A

a functional obstruction

28
Q

What are ileus associated with

A

post op
opioids
sepsis/inflammation
bleeding
severe electrolyte imbalance
neurogenic

29
Q

What are LBO associated with

A

fecal obstruction, tumor, sigmoid volvulus

30
Q

Where are volvulus most common

A

cecum or sigmoid
*twist around mesentery

31
Q

What are the different types of constipation

A

normal transit constipation
slow transit constipation
pelvic floor dysfunction

32
Q

What is normal transit constipation

A

difficulty with passage of stool that is able to make it down the sigmoid
*functional constipation

33
Q

What is normal transit constipation associated with

A

low fiber diet
low H2O

34
Q

What is occurring with pelvic floor dysfunction constipation

A

anal sphincter does not relax or a good squeeze isn’t possible

35
Q

What is fecal impaction

A

When the person becomes too dehydrated and the stool becomes too large to be able to pass

36
Q

What typically causes appendicitis

A

a fecolith that will allow for an accumulation of secretions and bacteria can proliferate

37
Q

What is the dentate line and where is it found

A

Separates the anal canal in half

38
Q

What in the anus does the dentate line separate

A

vasculature and innervation

39
Q

What are the different catagories of hernias

A

Reducible
incarcerated
strangulated

40
Q

What is an anal fissure

A

tear in the anoderm
*m/c in the distal 1/2 of the rectum

41
Q

What are anal fissures associated with

A

trauma
constipation
diarrhea
vaginal delivery
crohns
infectious

42
Q

If a hemorrhoid is proximal to the dentate line, will it be painful

A

no, not part of the innervated area of the anus

CABS GI (7 decks)

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