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CABS GI > 1000ft view GI > Flashcards

1000ft view GI Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the GI tract

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

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2
Q

What type of tissue is in the GI mucosa and what do they secrete

A

Epithelium and Glands
GLP-1
CCK

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3
Q

What is the lamina propria and where is it found

A

Contains blood and lymphoid tissue (MALT) within the mucosa

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4
Q

What tissue makes up the submucosa in GI tract

A

connective tissue
meissners plexus (autonomic nerves)
Peyers patches (lymph nodes)

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5
Q

What makes up the muscular layer in the GI tract

A

Skeletal muscle from the mouth to anal sphincter

rest: smooth muscle in the inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer

Myentric plexus

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6
Q

What is the serosa in the GI tract

A

Connective tissue that lines the surface of the organ

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7
Q

What is the omentum

A

large fat pad that overlies the organist protect them

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8
Q

What makes up proteins in the GI tract

A

Amino acids
DiPeptides
Tripeptides

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9
Q

What makes up lipids in the GI tract

A

fatty acids
monoglycerides
cholesterol

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10
Q

What makes up carbohydrates in the Gi tract

A

Glucose
galactose
fructose

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11
Q

What is the three step process that makes up swallowing

A

Oral phase
pharyngeal phase
Esophageal phase

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12
Q

What begins the initial chemical breakdown of carbs

how about fat?

A

amylase
Lingual lipase

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13
Q

What are teeth needed for

A

needed for clear speech and mastication

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14
Q

How much saliva does an adult make a day

A

1L
*mostly water

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15
Q

What is contained within saliva and what is the pH

A

Na+, Mucus, Bicarb, chloride, K+, amylase

*7.4

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16
Q

What does your tongue do during mastication

A

Push food bolus against hard palate to break food up

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17
Q

How long is the esophagus

A

25cm

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18
Q

What initiates peristalsis in the esophagus

A

stimulation of the stretch receptors

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19
Q

What occurs when the UES closes

A

LES opens

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20
Q

What muscles helps the UES close

A

cricopharyngeal

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21
Q

Where is the Z-line

A

The change in cells between the stomach and esophagus

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22
Q

What is the other name for the submucosal plexus

A

miessner

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23
Q

What is the other name for the myenteric plexus

A

Auerbach

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24
Q

What are the three plexus for nerve innervation in the GI tract

A

Submucosal
Myenteric
Subserosal

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25
Q

What does the stomach do to the food that enters it

A

liquifies it into Chyme
*absorbs NSAIDs and ETOH

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26
Q

Where is the pacemaker of the stomach located

A

near the body

27
Q

How much gastric acid is released during the cephalic phase of digestion

A

30%

28
Q

What is involved with the cephalic phase of digestion

A

Seeing, smelling, anticipating food

29
Q

How much gastric acid is secreted in the gastric phase of digestion (food hitting stomach)

A

60*

30
Q

What happens to pH when food hits stomach

A

increase it

31
Q

What enzyme will be secreted to signal fullness and when is it secreted

A

Cholecystokinin (decrease motility and emptying)

Somatostatin (slow gastric juice release)

Intestinal phase

32
Q

Where is the primary area of gastric juice secretion

A

Gastric pits

33
Q

What is the pH of pepsin

A

2

34
Q

What protects the stomach lining from acidic environments

A

mucus

35
Q

What cells secrete gastric acid

A

parietal

36
Q

What do the chief cells do

A

secrete pepsinogen

37
Q

What do the D cells secrete

A

somatostatin

38
Q

What cells secrete gastrin

A

G cells

39
Q

Besides secreting gastric acid, what do parietal cells in the stomach do

A

make intrinsic factor for B12 absorption

40
Q

How much HCl is made by the body a day

A

3-4L

41
Q

How much food can your stomach hold

A

1.5L

42
Q

How long does food typically stay in the stomach

A

3hrs

43
Q

What sphincter does Bile get secreted through

A

sphincter of Oddi

44
Q

What stimulates bile secretion

A

secretin which is released by the duodenum

45
Q

What does Bile do

A

emulsifies fats into droplets, which increases its surface area for further breakdown

46
Q

What cells make up the bulk of the pancreas and what do they do

A

Acini cells that will secrete enzymes into the GI tract

47
Q

What does secretin do

A

promotes ductal cells to release aqueous secretion

buffers acidic material coming from stomach by stimulating bicarb to be released by pancreas

48
Q

What does amylase breakdown

A

starches and glycogen

49
Q

What does a high lipase indicate on labs

A

pancreatitis

50
Q

What makes up the small intestine and how long is it

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
*20ft long

51
Q

What is the primary site of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

A

small intestine

52
Q

What is the purpose of the brush border

A

increase surface area of small intestine

53
Q

What separates the duodenum and the jejunum

A

Ligament of Treitz

54
Q

What is the longest section of the small intestine

A

ileum

55
Q

What is Haustral segmentation

A

mechanical digestion stimulated by distention

56
Q

What two movements occur in the small intestine to help with digestion

A

segmentation
peristalsis (slow)

57
Q

Where does absorption occur in the small intestine

A

within the villi

58
Q

Where does most of nutrient absorption occur

A

small intestine

59
Q

What is the basic cell of the small intestine and what do they do

A

Enterocytes
-mucus secretion
-absorption

60
Q

Where is magnesium absorbed

A

Magnesium
phosphate

61
Q

Where is iron absorbed

A

proximal duodenum
*transported via ferritin

62
Q

What causes the ileocecal valve to open

A

pressure in the ileum

63
Q

What is the first part of the large intestine

A

cecum
*appendix is attached here

CABS GI (7 decks)

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