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1000ft view GI Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the GI tract

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

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2
Q

What type of tissue is in the GI mucosa and what do they secrete

A

Epithelium and Glands
GLP-1
CCK

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3
Q

What is the lamina propria and where is it found

A

Contains blood and lymphoid tissue (MALT) within the mucosa

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4
Q

What tissue makes up the submucosa in GI tract

A

connective tissue
meissners plexus (autonomic nerves)
Peyers patches (lymph nodes)

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5
Q

What makes up the muscular layer in the GI tract

A

Skeletal muscle from the mouth to anal sphincter

rest: smooth muscle in the inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer

Myentric plexus

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6
Q

What is the serosa in the GI tract

A

Connective tissue that lines the surface of the organ

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7
Q

What is the omentum

A

large fat pad that overlies the organist protect them

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8
Q

What makes up proteins in the GI tract

A

Amino acids
DiPeptides
Tripeptides

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9
Q

What makes up lipids in the GI tract

A

fatty acids
monoglycerides
cholesterol

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10
Q

What makes up carbohydrates in the Gi tract

A

Glucose
galactose
fructose

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11
Q

What is the three step process that makes up swallowing

A

Oral phase
pharyngeal phase
Esophageal phase

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12
Q

What begins the initial chemical breakdown of carbs

how about fat?

A

amylase
Lingual lipase

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13
Q

What are teeth needed for

A

needed for clear speech and mastication

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14
Q

How much saliva does an adult make a day

A

1L
*mostly water

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15
Q

What is contained within saliva and what is the pH

A

Na+, Mucus, Bicarb, chloride, K+, amylase

*7.4

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16
Q

What does your tongue do during mastication

A

Push food bolus against hard palate to break food up

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17
Q

How long is the esophagus

A

25cm

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18
Q

What initiates peristalsis in the esophagus

A

stimulation of the stretch receptors

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19
Q

What occurs when the UES closes

A

LES opens

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20
Q

What muscles helps the UES close

A

cricopharyngeal

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21
Q

Where is the Z-line

A

The change in cells between the stomach and esophagus

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22
Q

What is the other name for the submucosal plexus

A

miessner

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23
Q

What is the other name for the myenteric plexus

A

Auerbach

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24
Q

What are the three plexus for nerve innervation in the GI tract

A

Submucosal
Myenteric
Subserosal

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25
What does the stomach do to the food that enters it
liquifies it into Chyme *absorbs NSAIDs and ETOH
26
Where is the pacemaker of the stomach located
near the body
27
How much gastric acid is released during the cephalic phase of digestion
30%
28
What is involved with the cephalic phase of digestion
Seeing, smelling, anticipating food
29
How much gastric acid is secreted in the gastric phase of digestion (food hitting stomach)
60*
30
What happens to pH when food hits stomach
increase it
31
What enzyme will be secreted to signal fullness and when is it secreted
Cholecystokinin (decrease motility and emptying) Somatostatin (slow gastric juice release) Intestinal phase
32
Where is the primary area of gastric juice secretion
Gastric pits
33
What is the pH of pepsin
2
34
What protects the stomach lining from acidic environments
mucus
35
What cells secrete gastric acid
parietal
36
What do the chief cells do
secrete pepsinogen
37
What do the D cells secrete
somatostatin
38
What cells secrete gastrin
G cells
39
Besides secreting gastric acid, what do parietal cells in the stomach do
make intrinsic factor for B12 absorption
40
How much HCl is made by the body a day
3-4L
41
How much food can your stomach hold
1.5L
42
How long does food typically stay in the stomach
3hrs
43
What sphincter does Bile get secreted through
sphincter of Oddi
44
What stimulates bile secretion
secretin which is released by the duodenum
45
What does Bile do
emulsifies fats into droplets, which increases its surface area for further breakdown
46
What cells make up the bulk of the pancreas and what do they do
Acini cells that will secrete enzymes into the GI tract
47
What does secretin do
promotes ductal cells to release aqueous secretion buffers acidic material coming from stomach by stimulating bicarb to be released by pancreas
48
What does amylase breakdown
starches and glycogen
49
What does a high lipase indicate on labs
pancreatitis
50
What makes up the small intestine and how long is it
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum *20ft long
51
What is the primary site of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption
small intestine
52
What is the purpose of the brush border
increase surface area of small intestine
53
What separates the duodenum and the jejunum
Ligament of Treitz
54
What is the longest section of the small intestine
ileum
55
What is Haustral segmentation
mechanical digestion stimulated by distention
56
What two movements occur in the small intestine to help with digestion
segmentation peristalsis (slow)
57
Where does absorption occur in the small intestine
within the villi
58
Where does most of nutrient absorption occur
small intestine
59
What is the basic cell of the small intestine and what do they do
Enterocytes -mucus secretion -absorption
60
Where is magnesium absorbed
Magnesium phosphate
61
Where is iron absorbed
proximal duodenum *transported via ferritin
62
What causes the ileocecal valve to open
pressure in the ileum
63
What is the first part of the large intestine
cecum *appendix is attached here

CABS GI (7 decks)

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