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CLINICAL CHEM > Pancreas > Flashcards

Pancreas Flashcards

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1
Q

what organ is small, elongated, and located in the abdomen

A

pancreas

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2
Q

what makes up exocrine units of the pancreas

A

tubuloacinar glands

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3
Q

how are tubulacinar glands organized

A

grape bunches

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4
Q

what is the name of the endocrine units of the pancreas

A

islets of Langerhans

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5
Q

where are the exocrine units of the pancreas found

A

they surround the islets of langerhans

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6
Q

what do the pancreas cells have in the them

A

digestive enzymes

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7
Q

what is the main digestive enzymes found in pancreas cells (4)

A

trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, pancreatic lipase, and amylase

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8
Q

in what region of the pancreas are the endocrine units mostly in

A

tail region

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9
Q

what do the endocrine unit cells surround

A

pancreatic acini

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10
Q

what 3 major types of cells do the islets contain

A

alpha, beta, and delta

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11
Q

what hormone do alpha cells produce

A

glucagon

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12
Q

what hormone do beta cells produce

A

insulin

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13
Q

what hormone do delta cells produce

A

somatostatin

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14
Q

what leads to decreased glucagon and insulin levels

A

somatostatin

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15
Q

what function of the pancreas produces enzymes that break down food

A

exocrine

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16
Q

what function of the pancreas secretes hormones that affect carbohydrate metabolism

A

endocrine

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17
Q

T or F: exocrine tissue secretes pancreatic juice

A

T

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18
Q

what are the major hormones involved in stimulated secretion?

A

secretin and CCK

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19
Q

what is the function of secretin

A

stimulates the secretion of the alkaline aqueous component

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20
Q

what is the function of CCK

A

stimulates the secretion of the enzyme component

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21
Q

when is secretin released

A

in response to acid in the small intestine

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22
Q

when is CCK released

A

in the presence of fats or aa in the dueodenum

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23
Q

what hormone is responsible for the release of enzymes

A

CCK

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24
Q

what is the content of pancreatic juice?

A

mix of enzyme-rich secretion and an aqueous alkaline secretion

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25
Q

what cells secrete enzymes

A

acinar cells

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26
Q

what cells secrete alkaline fluid

A

duct cells

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27
Q

what kind of juice do the cells of the upper ducts of the pancreas secrete

A

isotonic

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28
Q

what is the isotonic juice rich in

A

bicarbonate

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29
Q

what is the function of the alkaline pancreatic secretion

A

neutralize the acid arriving from the stomach

30
Q

what kind of environment do pancreatic enzyme work in

A

neutral or slightly alkaline

31
Q

what does the lumen of micelles absorb in neutral or slightly alkaline pH

A

fat

32
Q

what protects the intestinal mucosa from excess acid

A

pancreatic alkaline secretion

33
Q

what does excess acid in the duodenum lead to

A

ulcers

34
Q

what kind of enzymes are proteins

A

proteolytic enzymes

35
Q

what are these examples of: trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, collagenase, and peptidase

A

proteins

36
Q

what kind of enzymes are lipids

A

digestive enzymes

37
Q

what are the main digestive enzymes of the pancreas

A

lipase and lecithinase

38
Q

what splits pancreatic amylase

A

Carbohydrates

39
Q

what hormones do the endocrine cells of the pancreas secrete (3)

A

insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin

40
Q

what cells produce glucagon and insulin

A

alpha and beta

41
Q

are benign tumor life threatening

A

no

42
Q

what kind of tumor do not invade surrounding tissues and do not metastasize to other parts of the body

A

benign

43
Q

def? growth of a malignant tumour within the small pancreas organ.

A

pancreatic cancer

44
Q

what is the most common cancer of the pancreas

A

adencarcinma of the pancreas

45
Q

A less common, and typically far less aggressive form of pancreatic cancer, is

A

islet-cell tumor

46
Q

what kind of disorder is cystic fibrosis

A

autosomal recessive disorder

47
Q

def? characterized by dysfunction of mucous and exocrine glands throughout the body.

A

cystic fibrosis

48
Q

what do the acini and ducts fill with cystic fibrosis

A

mucus

49
Q

what is an effect of the small cysts filled with mucus in cystic fibrosis

A

prevention of pancreatic secretions

50
Q

what parts of the body doe cystic fibrosis affect

A

lungs and digestive system

51
Q

what disease does this child have? the child’s body can’t process or absorb nutrients properly, especially fats. The child has problems gaining weight, even with a normal diet and a good appetite.

A

CF

52
Q

def? inflammation of the pancreas due to auto digestion of the pancreas

A

pancreatitis

53
Q

what causes auto digestion of the pancreas

A

reflux of bile of duodenal contents into pancreatic duct

54
Q

what kind of pancreatitis occur suddenly and last for a short period

A

acute

55
Q

does acute pancreatitis resolve

A

yes

56
Q

does chronic pancreatitis resolve itself

A

no

57
Q

what kind of pancreatitis is slow destruction

A

chronic

58
Q

what causes pancreatitis

A

gallstones or alcohol abuse

59
Q

what disease? swollen and tender upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, fever, rapid pulse

A

acute pancreatitis

60
Q

T. or F: with chronic pancreatitis there can be no pain

A

T

61
Q

if someone has fatty stools what disease do they probably. have

A

chronic pancreatitis

62
Q

what do these test look for: Fecal Fat analysis
Sweat analysis
Secretin stimulation test
Image
Enzyme test

A

pancreatic function

63
Q

what does a secretin stimulation test measure

A

the ability of the pancreas to respond to secretin

64
Q

when secretin is release what does it tell the pancreas to do

A

secrete a fluid with a high conc of bicarbonate

65
Q

what does the image test detect

A

obstructions or tumors

66
Q

what is the most sensitive pancreatic test

A

secretin stimulation test

67
Q

what is the most useful test for cystic fibrosis

A

sweat electrolyte

68
Q

what enzyme will increase in the serum of a pt with acute pancreatitis

A

amylase

69
Q

what is the most sensitive indicator of acute pancreatitis

A

urine amylase

70
Q

does amylase or lipase last longer in the serum of a pt with acute pancreatitis

A

lipase

CLINICAL CHEM (7 decks)

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