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CLINICAL CHEM > Blood pH > Flashcards

Blood pH Flashcards

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1
Q

def? a substance that can yield a hydrogen ion (H) or hydronium ion when dissolved in water

A

acid

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2
Q

def?a substance that can yield hydroxyl ions (OH-)

A

base

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3
Q

def? describes relative strengths of acids & bases

A

Dissociation constant

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4
Q

def? negative log of ionization constant & pH in which protonated & unprotonated forms are present in equal concentrations

A

pK

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5
Q

what kind of rxn applies Arrhenius Definition of Acids and Bases

A

rxn that occur in water

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6
Q

what is the function of buffers

A

maintain a stable ph in a solution

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7
Q

what do buffers consist of

A

a weak acid/base + its salt

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8
Q

in an acidic condition what happens to the Carboxylic acid

A

becomes protonated

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9
Q

which buffer system has a low buffering capacity

A

bicarbonate - carbonic acid system

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10
Q

what does the bicarbonate - carbonic acid system do for the lungs

A

allows co2 to be released and H as water

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11
Q

what buffer system modifies ventilation rate

A

Bicarbonate- carbonic acid system

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12
Q

in the bicarbonate- carbonic acid system what organ alters HCO3-

A

kidneys

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13
Q

what is the conjugated base of H2CO3

A

HCO3-

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14
Q

what is the conjugate base of HHb

A

Hb-

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15
Q

what is the acid of HPO4 2-

A

H2PO4 -

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16
Q

what is the acid of proteins -

A

Hproteins

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17
Q

what is the weak acid in the carbonic acid buffer system

A

H2CO3 (carbonic acid)

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18
Q

what is the conjugate base in the carbonic acid buffer system

A

HCO3 - (Bicarbonate)

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19
Q

what is a major product of energy metabolism

A

CO2

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20
Q

how is carbonic acid formed in the blood

A

CO2 + H2O

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21
Q

what is the pKa of the carbonic acid system at 37 degrees C

A

6.1

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22
Q

for normal people what is the ratio of bicarbonate conc to partial pressure of CO2

A

20/1

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23
Q

what is the main idea of the Hb acid buffer system

A

transports acid from the tissues to lungs

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24
Q

as Hb loses it’s O2 it _____ it’s affinity for H

A

increases

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25
Q

phosphate buffer system is more important as an

A

intracellular buffer

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26
Q

what aa has a major impact on the protein buffer system

A

aa histidine

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27
Q

at a ph of 7.4 what charge do proteins have

A

neg

28
Q

What other measurement in addition to bicarbonate is needed to calculate buffer base?

A

. Hgb concentration

29
Q

Carbonic acid concentration in blood plasma equals

A

0.0307mM/mmHg times the PCO2 value in mmHg

30
Q

A patient’s blood gas results are as follows: pH = 7.26; PCO2=60 mmol/L; HCO3-=29mmol/L

These results would be classified as:
A

Respiratory acidosis

31
Q

A patient’s blood gas results are: pH = 7.50; PCO2 = 55 mm Hg; HCO3- = 40 mmol/L
These results indicate:

A

Metabolic alkalosis

32
Q

A patient’s arterial blood gas results are pH=7.33; PCO2=75mm Hg; HCO3-= 37mmol/L. These values are consistent with

A

Compensated respiratory acidosis

33
Q

A patient’s arterial blood gas results are pH, 7.48; PCO2, 54mmHg; HCO3-, 38 mmol/L. Theses values are consistent with

A

Compensated nonrespiratory alkalosis

34
Q

Which parameter could be used to detect excess carbon monoxide in blood?

A

O2 saturation of total hemoglobin

35
Q

Which of the following formulas for O2 content is correct

A

A. O2 Content = %O2 saturation/100 x Hgb g/dL x1.34 mL/g + (0.003 x PO2)

36
Q

what organs regulates the acid base balance in blood (2)

A

kidneys and lungs

37
Q

when the pH of blood is out of the range what do the kidneys do

A

reabsorbe bicarbonate

38
Q

caused by an overabundance of bicarbonate in the blood or a loss of acid from the blood

A

alkalosis

39
Q

occurs when acid builds up or when bicarbonate (a base) is lost.

A

acidosis

40
Q

how do the lungs regulate the blood ph

A

retention and elimination of CO2

41
Q

elevated CO2 level in lungs is what kind of breathing

A

hypoventilation

42
Q

decrease in CO2 levels in the lungs is what kind of breathing

A

Hyperventilation

43
Q

normal pH of blood

A

7.35 to 7.45

44
Q

normal pco2 range

A

35 to 45 mmHg

45
Q

normal bicarbonate range

A

22-26 mEq/L

46
Q

if the bicarbonate conc is less than 22 mEq/L what does this tell you

A

metabolic problem

47
Q

what do diuretic do to bicarbonate levels

A

decrease

48
Q

why does bicarbonate levels decrease during kidney dysfunction

A

hinders reabsorption

49
Q

Oxygenated blood travels from the lungs through the ______ veins and into the ____ side of the heart, which pumps the blood to the rest of the body

A

pulmonary , left

50
Q

carbon dioxide-rich blood returns to the ____ side of the heart through two large veins, the _____ vena cava and the ____ vena cava

A

right, superior, inferior

51
Q

When arterial blood from a normal patient is exposed to room air

A

PCO2 decreases; PO2 increases

52
Q

The normal difference between alveolar and arterial PO2 (PAO2-PaO2 difference) is:

A

10 mm Hg

53
Q

what tool determines Actual percent oxyhemoglobin

A

cooximeter

54
Q

what does cooximeter measure

A

various hemoglobin species.

55
Q

what kind of sources of error do cooximeter have

A

faulty instrument calibration & spectral-interfering substances

56
Q

what kind of blood gas analyzer measures the Amount of current flow indicates oxygen present (PO2).

A

Amperometric

57
Q

which kind of blood gas analyzer measures Change in voltage indicates analyte activity (PCO2, pH).

A

Potentiometric:

58
Q

The presence of the dyshemoglobins will cause a calculated % SO2 resut to be falsely (elevated, decreased) and a pulse oximeter % SpO2 value to be falsely (elevated, decreased)

A

Elevated, elevated

59
Q

The anticoagulant of choice for arterial blood gas measurements is? and in what state

A

Lithium heparin;dry

60
Q

At a pH of 7.10, the H+ concentration is equal to

A

80nmol/L

61
Q

The kidneys compensate for respiratory alkalosis by (excretion, retention) of bicarbonate and (increased, decreased) excretion of NaH2PO4

A

Excretion, decreased

62
Q

The normal ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in arterial blood is

A

1:20

63
Q

When arterial blood from a normal patient is exposed to room air

A

PCO2 decreases; PO2 increases

64
Q

In the circulatory system, bicarbonate leaves the red blood cells and enters the plasma through an exchange mechanism with to maintain electroneutrality

A

Chloride

65
Q

Hypoventilation can compensate for

A

Non-respiratory alkalosis

66
Q

The hemoglobin oxygen binding capacity for a blood sample that is 100% saturated with O2 and has a total hemoglobin value of 12g/dL is approximately

A

17 ml O2/dL

67
Q

Oxygen content in blood reflects:
a. O2Hb only
b. PO2 value
c. O2 dissolved in blood plasma only
d. The patient’s total hemoglobin value

A

all of the above

CLINICAL CHEM (7 decks)

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