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CLINICAL CHEM > Electrolytes > Flashcards

Electrolytes Flashcards

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1
Q

what are electrolytes

A

ion capable of carrying an electrical charge

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2
Q

what are the major cation of the body

A

Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+

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3
Q

what are the major anions of the body

A

Cl-, HCO3 -, HPO4 2-, and SO4 2-

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4
Q

which way do anions move

A

towards anode

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5
Q

which way do cations move

A

towards cathode

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6
Q

what charge do cathodes have

A

neg

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7
Q

what charge do anodes have

A

pos

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8
Q

T or F: solutes can cross the semi permeable mmb

A

F

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9
Q

def? conc of solutes per kg of solvent

A

osmolality

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10
Q

what is the name for the sol’n that makes up most of the solution

A

solvent

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11
Q

what other properties of solution decrease related to osmolality

A

freezing point and vapor pressure

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12
Q

what are the 3 clinically significant factors of osmolality

A

hypothalamus response, plasma sodium conc, and sodium and water controls blood volume

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13
Q

what kind of pt sample is used to measure osmolality

A

urine or serum

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14
Q

The balance of _______ is closely tied to the balance of water in the body: If one changes, the other usually also ______.

A

electrolytes; changes

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15
Q

if you were to eat lots of salty food what would you expect to happen to your weight and why

A

weight would increase because more water is needed to maintain electrolyte balance

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16
Q

what happens if osmolality increases by 1-2% or you get thirsty

A

hypothalamus releases ADH

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17
Q

what happens to the kidneys when ADH is released

A

reabsorption of water

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18
Q

what happens if blood volume decreases

A

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone is released by the kidneys

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19
Q

what does Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone do

A

increases renal reabsorption of water and sodium

20
Q

what regulates the ADH release

A

salt intake and thirst

21
Q

what regulates the aldosterone release

A

receptors detect change in blood volume

22
Q

which electrolyte level best correlates with plasma osmolality?

A

sodium

23
Q

Which formula is most accurate in predicting plasma osmolality?

A

2Na+glucose/20+BUN/2.8

24
Q

what electrolytes are extracellular fluid

A

Na+, Ca2+, Cl-, bicarbonate

25
Q

what electrolytes are intracellular fluid

A

K+, Mg2+, phosphate

26
Q

what is the most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid

A

sodium

27
Q

how is sodium conc determines

A

urine test

28
Q

Which electrolyte measurement is least affected by hemolysis? and why

A

calcium because its only extracellular

29
Q

method for determining Na+ and K+ conc

A

flame emission, atomic absorption, ion selective electrode

30
Q

method for determining Ca2+

A

spectrophotometry and fluorometry

31
Q

method for determining Cl-

A

titration and spectrophotometrical

32
Q

method for determining PO4 3- and Mg2+

A

spectrophotometrical method

33
Q

what are the regents used in spectrophotometry of Ca2+

A

arsenozolll

34
Q

what are the regents used in fluorometry of Ca2+

A

O-cresphthalein comlexone and calcein

35
Q

what are the regents used in titration of Cl-

A

DPC + Hg2+

36
Q

what are the regents used in spectrophotometrical method of Cl-

A

Hg + Fe

37
Q

what are the regents used in cpectrophotometrival method of Mg+

A

calmagite and methylthymol blue

38
Q

what interference is removed in spectrophotometry of Ca2+

A

b-hydroxylquinline

39
Q

what interference is removed in spectrophotometry of Mg2+

A

barium- ethylene bis-(ozy-ethylenenitrilo)-tetraacetate

40
Q

in sodium determination using atomic absorption spectrophotometry what level is detected

A

atomic level only

41
Q

in sodium determination using atomic absorption spectrophotometry what is the sample cell

A

burner head

42
Q

in sodium determination using atomic absorption spectrophotometry what is the energy source

A

heat and light

43
Q

in sodium determination using atomic absorption spectrophotometry if the chopper is closed what is the energy source

A

heat

44
Q

in sodium determination using atomic absorption spectrophotometry what is detected

A

transmitted light

45
Q

what is the simplest way to determine sodium conc

A

ion selective electrode

46
Q

what method is used for inorganic phosphate determination

A

spectrophotometrical method

47
Q

what method is used for organic phosphate determination

A

intracellular

CLINICAL CHEM (7 decks)

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