PAMS Flashcards
cryotherapy modalities and benefits
- ice massage, cold packs, cold water immersion baths, cool whirlpools, vapocoolant sprays
- pain relief, decreased edema, decreased muscle spasms, decreased inflammation, decreased metabolic activity, reduced nerve conduction
contraindications for cryotherapy
avoid with clients who have impaired circulation, peripheral vascular disease, hypersensitivity to cold, impaired sensation, open wounds, or infections
thermotherapy modalities and benefits
- warm whirlpools, fluidotherapy, hot packs, contrast baths, paraffin baths
- increase blood flow, increase cell metabolism, increase inflammation, increase muscle contraction, increase capillary permeability, increase oxygen consumption, decrease fluid viscosity, decrease muscle spasms, decrease pain
thermotherapy contraindications
avoid use with clients with acute inflammation, edema, sensory impairment, cancer, blood clot, infection, cardiac stuff, impaired cognition
ultrasound benefits
- thermal effects: increase tissue extensability, blood flow, decrease pain/ joint stiffness/ muscle spasm/ chronic inflammation
- nonthermal: increase protein synthesis/ bone healing/ decrease inflammation
- phonoresis is a type of ultrasound
What is phonophoresis?
-phonophoresis: use of ultrasound to promote absorption of topically applied medication to accelerate tissue repair and decrease inflammation
ultrasound contraindications
- avoid use with pregnancy, over eyes, pacemaker, bleeding, infections, cancer, blood clots, growth plates of bones
- be cautious when using w/ inflammation, fractures, breast implants, clients with cognitive, language, or sensory impairments
NMES effects (electric stimulation)
wound healing, maintains muscle mass, increases ROM, decreases edema, facilitates voluntary motor control, decreases spasm and spasticity and can be used as an orthotic sub
TENS effects (electric stimulation)
controls pain
Iontophoresis effects (electric stimulation)
decreases inflammation and controls pain
***be aware of possible drug allergies
contraindications of electrical stimulation
do not use over pacemakers, carotid sinus, pregnant uterus, eyes, clients with epilepsy, cancer, infection, decreased sensation, cardiac disease, and stroke
** be aware of drug allergies with iontophoresis
low-level laser and light therapy effets
decreased pain/edema/inflammation; increased wound healing; decreased scar tissue
contraindications of low-level laser and light therapy
wear protective eyewear when using laser; do not use over vagus nerve; carotid sinus, pregnant uterus, eyes, infection, endocrine glands, or cancer
Primary wound closure
Wound is closed with sutures
Secondary wound closure
Wound is left open and allowed to close on its own
Delayed primary wound closure
Wound is cleaned, debrided, and observed 4 to 5 days before suturing it closed
Which describes the process of wound healing:
A. Proliferative phase, then inflammatory phase, then remodeling phase
B. Remodeling phase, then proliferative, then inflammatory phase
C. Inflammatory phase, then proliferative phase, then remodeling phase
D. Inflammatory phase, then remodeling, then proliferative
C. Inflammatory, then proliferative, then remodeling
Which of the following is usually NOT documented with wound healing?
A. Anatomical location and area of wound
B. Length, width, depth, and shape of wound
C. Color and presence of necrotic tissue
D. Description of wound exudate
E. All of the above are documented
E. All of the above are documented along with granulation and epithelial tissue at wound margins and description of surrounding intact skin
All of the following are local wound healing factors EXCEPT which?
A. presence of foreign debris
B. HIV, AIDS
C. necrotic tissue or eschar
D. infection with Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, or Pseudomonas
E. Repeated trauma, decreased blood supply, or hypoxic tissue
B. The presence of HIV, AIDS is a systemic factor
