PALS Concepts Flashcards
Lance Carter, CAA
EWL
Estimated Weight Loss
FBAO
Foreign Body Airway Obstruction
LVOT
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract
PEFR
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
ROSC
Return Of Spontaneous Circulation -A prominent sign of ROSC is a sudden increase in EtCO2
RVOT
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract
Agonal Rhythm
Acryocyanosis
Apnea
Central vs. Obstructive Apnea
Most Common Cause of Bradycardia In Kids
Bradycardia Definition
Broselow Tape
Channelopathy
Child Definitions (According to the AHA)
Chest Compression Fraction (CCF)
Croup
Cyanosis
Febrile
Hypoxemia
Hypoglycemia
Treatment for Hypoglycemia
Hypotension (Systolic BP Readings)
Heliox
Mottling
Pallor
Signs of Bad Peripheral Perfusion
Signs of Good Peripheral Perfusion
Permissive Hypoxemia
Petechiae & Purpura
Petechiae & Purpura, Poikilothermia
Factors that Affect Pulse Pressure (3)
- *1. Stroke volume**
- Stroke volume PRIMARILY affects (and is proportional to) systolic blood pressure
- Increased stroke volume = increased systolic pressure
- Decreased stroke volume = decreased systolic pressure
- *2. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)**
- SVR PRIMARILY affects (and is proportional to) diastolic blood pressure
- Increased SVR (vasoconstriction) = increased diastolic BP
- Decreased SVR (vasodilation) = decreased diastolic BP
- *3. Aortic compliance**
- If the aorta has good vascular compliance (like in younger, healthy patients), the systolic pressure will be lower during systole
- If the aorta is noncompliant/“stiff” (like in older patients), systolic pressure will be much higher during systole
- In other words, systolic pressure (and thus pulse pressure) is inversely proportional to aortic compliance
Capillary Refill Time
Normal Heart Rate
Oxygen Consumption
Sp02
ScvO2
Urine Output
Normal Respiratory Rate (RR)
PALS ABCDEs
Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure
Laminar & Turbulent Airflow
Opening & Clearing the Airway
Proper Positioning
Severe Choking In Responsive Children
Severe Choking In A Responsive Infant
Severe Choking In Unresponsive Patients
After the Obstruction is Relieved
Possible Treatments in the Airway Scenarios
High Flow Nasal Cannula
Possible Treatments in the Airway Scenarios
Low Flow vs. High Flow Oxygen Delivery Systems
Possible Treatments in the Airway Scenarios
Breathing Treatments (3)
Possible Treatments in the Airway Scenarios
Heliox
Clinical Uses For Heliox (2)
Possible Treatments in the Airway Scenarios
Humidified Oxygen Advantages (2) and Indications (1)
Possible Treatments in the Airway Scenarios
Racemic Epinephrine
Airway Equipment in PALS
Self Inflating Ambu Bag
Self Inflating Ambu Bag (Without A Reservoir Bag)
Self Inflating Ambu Bag (With A Reservoir Bag)
Airway Equipment in PALS
Flow Inflating (Anesthesia) Bag
Formula To Determine Correct ETT Size, Based On Age
Uncuffed Tracheal Tubes
Formula To Determine Correct ETT Size, Based On Age
Depth of Insertion Formula
Confirming Correct Endotracheal Tube Placement
Endotracheal Tube Medications in PALS
Medications and Methods of Administration
Rales (Crackles, Crepitation)
Rhonchi
Wheezing
Lung Percussion Examination
Resonant & Dull Sounds on Percussion
Airway Scenarios in PALS (4)
DOPE Pneumonic
Notes on Breathing
Reasons To Avoid Excessive Ventilation (3)
Inspiratory Muscles
Breathing Protocol
(C-A-B, not A-B-C)
Signs of Labored Breathing/Respiratory Distress
Disorded Control of Breathing
Signs of Labored Breathing/Respiratory Distress
Causes of Disordered Control of Breathing (3)