PAL

Question 1

Semantic Probe

Answer 1

yes/no questions or pick 1/2 answers that are provided by the clinician about pictured objects

Access to semantic features

e.g. Is it heavier than a book? Is it made out of metal? Do you usually find it in a kitchen? Is it usually found in a living room or in an office?

Tests: SS

Question 2

Phoneme Discrimination

Answer 2

clinician reads a pair of sounds (e.g. pa/pa, pa/za –> CVC, CCVC words) & client has to say if they are the same or if they are different

Tests AAS

Question 3

Auditory Lexical Decision

Answer 3

Clinician reads a list of real & made up words, client needs to state if words are real or not

Clinician covers mouth while reading list so just auditory discrimination

e.g. harphiform vs. harpsichord

Tests: AIL

Question 4

Auditory Word Picture Matching

Answer 4

Client is shown 2 pictures and the clinician says a word aloud. Client needs to identify the picture

Confrontational picture naming task

This is a BINARY FORCED CHOICE TASK-so 50% does not mean they are good!!

Contains concrete, abstract, imageable words

Tests AIL–> SS

Question 5

Auditory Attribute Verification

Answer 5

Clinician reads list of words aloud in order. Client is asked questions about each word, need to answer yes/no or pick 1/2 answers

Just like Semantic Probe subtest, but with NO VISUAL SUPPORT!!!

e.g. “Kettle. Is it made of wood? Is it made of metal?”

Tests SS (strength)

Question 6

Relatedness Judgment Abstract Words

Answer 6

Client is read a list of words & tells clinician which of the 2 words provided matches the meaning better

e.g. Does the word “break” mean “destroy” or “touch”?

Tests SS

Question 7

Repetition

Answer 7

Clinician reads single words while covering their mouth. After each word, client is asked to repeat back the word (real & nonwords)

Look for semantic, phonemic paraphasias, errors with regard to length/complexity/frequency

Deficits in repetition = problem in phonological output buffer

A discrepancy (between real/nonwords?) tells you there may be a problem somewhere higher up in the model

Acoustic to phonological conversion (for nonwords can’t access it through the lexical route because it’s not a real word, so if you can do it successfully it means that you must have done it through the acoustic to phonological conversion route (sublexical/by pass route) and spit it back out through the phonological output buffer)

Tests AAS –> SOL (bypass route) OR AAS–>PL (direct route)

Question 8

Picture Homophone Matching/Homophone Judgment Matching

Answer 8

Client is shown pairs of pictures, some that have similar sounding names & some with different sounding names. Client needs to identify whether the names sound exactly the same or different.

If they do ok- problem is at POB (applying knowledge of phonology to articulation of word) & NOT at the POL because they have conceptual knowledge of the word

If they don’t do ok - problem is at SS or POL

Question 9

Picture Naming

Answer 9

Confrontational picture naming task - Client sees a picture with 1 item & has to name each picture with NO phonological/semantic prompts, but can give how many syllables are in the word, what 1st sound is

Tests SAS–>PL
SS
Picture input –> SS –> SOL –> PL –> Speech

Question 10

Auditory Lexical Decision of Affixed Words

Answer 10

Clinician reads list of words with real and non words while covering mouth, client says if it is real or made up

Those with difficulties on Auditory Lexical Decision & Auditory Input Lexicon (will say nonwords are real words = “lexicalization”)

Looks at morphological endings

Tests AIL

Question 11

Auditory Word Picture Matching of Affixed Words

Answer 11

Client is shown 2 pictures, cliniian says name and asks client to point to the picture that matches one of the names

e.g. “one of these is opener (target), one of these is opening (foil). which one is opening?”

Tests AIL –> SS connection & morphology

Question 12

Relatedness Judgment Affixed Words

Answer 12

Clinician reads aloud a list of words and for each word, the client must tell which matches the meaning better

e.g. “Does the word ‘disappear’ mean ‘vanish’ or ‘decrease’?”

Prompt read as “Does ___ mean A or B?”

All words with multiple morphemes

Need strong repetition to be able to do this

Tests SS & morphology

Question 13

Production of Affixed Words

Answer 13

Clinician reads word & a sentence missing a particular word, client needs to use the word provided, but change the tense to the form necessary to correctly finish the sentence

e.g. The word is cat. John has two_____

Tests SS –> SOL & morphology

Question 14

Auditory Sentence Comprehension

Answer 14

Clinician reads a sentence aloud & client has to choose correct picture from FO2 that best matches the meaning of the sentence said.

Tests AIL –> SS (higher level than words, complex syntax)

If fail this: TUF???

Question 15

Sentence Production

Answer 15

Client shown a picture and asked to create a sentence that describes thepictuers. The client is provided with a verb to use in the sentence. The client is instructed to use only 1 sentence and isn’t allowed to use the word”and”

Pictures also contain arrows pointing to the items in the picture that need to be included in the sentence. The arrow that contains a dot is where the client is instructed to begin their sentence.

CONSTRAINED SENTENCE PRODUCTION

This let’s you know if pt is able to produce specific types of sentences

Tests complex syntax production (prepositions, present progressive)

Question 16

Written Lexical Decision

Answer 16

Client shown printed items, some of the items are real words and some are non-words. The client needs to decide if the printed word is real or not.

Tests VIL

Question 17

Written Word Picture Matching

Answer 17

Client is shown a series of 2 pictures with written words below each picture. the client needs to point to the picture that goes best with the written word

Tests VAS –> SS (w/ picture component)

Question 18

Written Attribute Verification

Answer 18

Client is shown a series of written words & is asked questions about each word. The client answers yes/no or picks 1/2 answers provided

Tests VIL–>SS (w/auditory component)
Tests strength of SS

Question 19

Written Relatedness Judgment Abstract Words

Answer 19

Client shown a series of printed words (3 words per page) & needs to tell the clinician what the middle word means by indicting the word meaning closest to the target

e.g. does the middle word (point to “donate”) mean this (point to “give”) or this (point to “save)

Tests SS

Question 20

Written Picture Naming

Answer 20

Client is shown pictures and needs to write the name of each picture

Picture input to written output

Tests SAS –> GL

Question 21

Writing to Dictation

Answer 21

Client is read a series of words & is asked to write down each of them.
Client is also read a series of nonwords & asked to write down each of them the way they think it would be spelled

Clinician covers mouth while reading words

Tests AAS–>AIL–>SS–>GOL–>GL (real words)

Tests AAS–>PL–>GL (sublexical route, non words)

Question 22

Oral Reading

Answer 22

Client shown a series of printed words & is asked to read them aloud. Some words are real and some are non-words

Imp to note semantic &/or phonological errors

Tests both reading routes

Tests VAS–>VIL–>(SS)–>SOL–>PL

Tests VAS–>GL–>PL

Do well on this test-tells you that GPC route is in tact (because they can read nonwords, so their bypass route is functioning)

If irregularly spelled real words are read correctly, tells you direct route is activating too

Question 23

Written Lexical Decision Affixed Words

Answer 23

Client is shown a series of printed items (some real, some non words) Client needs to tell if words are real or not

Do not have to read words aloud

Tests VIL

Question 24

Written Word Picture Matching Affixed Words

Answer 24

Client is shown a series of pairs of pictures. Below each pair, is a written word. The client needs to determine which picture best matches the written word

Tests VAS–>SS, picture input (w/ increased morphology)

Question 25

Written Relatedness Judgment Affixed Words

Answer 25

Client is shown a series of printed words. Each page contains 3 printed words and needs to tell what the middle word means.

Need to pay attention to morphemes at end of word

Tests VAS –> SS

Question 26

Written Production Affixed Words

Answer 26

Client is shown a word and a sentence missing a particular word. Client needs to use the word provided but change the tense to the form necessary to correctly finish the sentence

No auditory input, they have to read & write the response

Tests morphology

Question 27

Written Sentence Comprehension

Answer 27

Client sees pairs of pictures, below each each is a written sentence. The client is asked to read the sentence to him/herself and point to the picture that best matches the meaning of the sentence.

Tests sentence comprehension, TUF

Question 28

Written Sentence Production

Answer 28

Client is given a sentence that described each of the pictures shown to him/her. Client is provided with a verb/verbs for the setnence. The client is asked to formulate only 1 sentence using the verb & not using the word “and”

Same as oral (arrows, arrows with dots)

Tests written sentence production ?