Pain Pathology 2 Flashcards
Allodynia
Pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain
example: a feather should not be painful
Hyperalgesia
increased pain from a stimulus that is normally painful
example: pt w chronic pain can be heightened perception or stimulus
Hyperesthesia
Increased sensitivity to stimulation, excluding the special senses. Hyperesthesia includes both allodynia and hyperalgesia
Hyperpathia
painful syndrome characterized by an abnormally painful reaction to a stimulus, especially a repetitive stimulus, as well as an increased threshold (augmented response to any sensory stimuli)
Causalgia
A syndrome of sustained burning pain, allodynia, and hyperpathia after a traumatic nerve lesion, often combined with vasomotor and sudomotor dysfunction (such as diabetic autonomic neuropathy) and later trophic changes
Analgesia
Absence of pain in response to stimulation that is painful
Dysesthesia
unpleasant abnormal sensation, whether spontaneous or evoked
Paresthesia
abnormal sensation, whether spontaneous or evoked
how many people pain affects
affects 116 million in US –> up to 20% of all primary care visits-chronic pain
26% of adults have had pain for >3 months and 1/3 report it as disabling
economic burden
up to 635 billion/yr
types of classification of pain physiology
nociceptive, neurophathic (nervous system/burning), inflammatory
pain classifications to note in subjective data
intensity
time course
type of tissue involved
syndromes
special considerations (age gender culture)
nociceptive pain
response to an immediate noxious stimulus; tossue damage with resultant inflammatory pain
neurogenic pain
result of lesions in some parts of the nervous system
broad description of pain to NS
central neurogenic pain
injury affecting CNS burning, aching, prickling, hyperalgesia, allodynia
spinal cord - brain
peripheral neurogenic pain
injury affecting PNS paresthesia, dysesthesia, pain
spine - nerve endings
fibromyalgia
widespread pain accompanied by tenderness of muscles and adjacent soft tissue
myofascial pain syndrome
persistent, deep aching pain in muscle; characterized by well defined highly sensitive tender spots ‘trigger points’
Postural stress syndrome
postural malalignment produces chronic muscle lengthening and/or shortening & stress on tissues
movement adaptation syndrome
habituated movement dysfunction leading to muscle strain and pain
Psychosomatic pain:
origin is related to mental or emotional factors
Referred pain
pain arising from deep visceral tissues that is felt in a body region remote from the site of origin
most abundent type of nerve endings
free nerve endings
merkels disc
tactile end organ
abundant in fingertips and whiskers
