Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CLIN MED > nervous system > Flashcards

nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of parkinsons disease

A

tremor (pill rolling)
bradykinesia (slow movement, short steps)
rigidity (stiff ms)
postural instability
balance
automatic movements
speech (changes in pace and intensity, monotone)
writing (challening, small text)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

etiology of parkinsons

A

genetics and toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is parkinsons disease

A

progessive neurologic condition that affects movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

parkinsons risk factors

A

middle aged-old people
men are higher risk
relatives
exposure to toxins and pesticides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

predromal stage of parkinsons symptoms

A

REM sleep disorder
depression
constipatoin
anxiety
hypoxia (decreased smell)
daytime sleepiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

early stage parkinson symptoms

A

bradykinesia, rigidity,
fatigue
tremor
pain
apathy
mild cognitive impairments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mid stage parkinsons symptoms

A

fluctuations
dyskinesias
urinary symptoms
orthostatic hypotension
axial deformities
visual hallucinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

late stage parkinsons symptoms

A

dysphagia
falls
dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

changes in the brain during parkinsons disease

A

gradual loss of cells in the substantia nigra (production of dopamine)
dopamine stimulates smooth muscle contractions/pathways
decreased dopamine leads to ms rigidty and tremors
prescense of lewy bodies in the brain (sticky proteins associated w dementia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

PT implications of parkinsons disease

A

cognitive change
depression and emotional change
dysphagia
sleep disorders
bladder incontinence
constipation
orthostatic changes
fatigue
pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is myasthenia gravis

A

an autoimmune neurologic disorder that is the most common primary disorder of neuromuscular transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are some symptoms of myasthenia gravis

A

fluctuating weakness and rapid fatigue of skeletal muscle – improves with rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what muscles are most affected with myasthenia gravis

A

muscles with small motor units such as ocular
severe cases - diapragm and intercostals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what percent of patients with MG have coexistent hyperthyroidism

A

about 5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what percent of MG pts have a maternal relative with an autoimmune disease

A

about 30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

risk factors of Myasthneia gravis

A

young women 20-30yrs
men>50 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what happens in the presynaptic pathogensis of MG

A

number and size of vesicles are normal

18
Q

what happens in the postsynaptic pathogensis of MG

A

muscle endplate shows sparse, shallow, and abnormally wide or absent synaptic cleft; fewer ACh receptors

19
Q

electrophysiology of MG

A

postsynaptic membrane has decreased response to acetylcholine = lack of contractibility

20
Q

signs and symptoms of MG

A

visual
muscle
thymus
flare ups
remission

21
Q

muscular symptoms of MG

A

fatigue and weakness may vary rapidly in intensity over hours, days, and weeks
facial, swallowinf, neck, and limb muscles are involves

22
Q

visual symptoms/signs of MG

A

extraocular muscle=ptosis or dropping eyelinds and diplopia or double vision

23
Q

thymus symptoms of MG

A

abnormalities associated but nature of association is unclear

24
Q

how to diagnosis MG

A

neurologic exam
blood test
ice test
nerve conduction test
electromyogram

25
Q

treatment optoins for MG

A

pharmacology (anticholinesterase drugs, corticosteroids, immmunosuppressives)
thymectomy (remove thymus gland)
plasmapheresis (removal of abnormal antibodies)
immunoglobin (IVIg therapy to reduce autoimmune response

26
Q

myathenis gravis PT implications management of symptoms

A
  • exercise intensity, duration strategy to improve sx and function
  • every individual is different
  • medically managed MG before exercise prescription;
  • no exercise = energy conservation, transfers, fall prevention
  • exercise to elevates baseline function
27
Q

exercise for stable MG pts

A

energy conservation
medication at peak dose
large proximal muscle
short duration - HR no greater than 30bpm from baseline
upper body ergometer, stationary bike, large ms groups
posture exercise

28
Q

what is dementia

A

an acquired decline in intellectual function and memory - loss of social independence, symptoms progress over months and years

29
Q

three types of dementia

A

alzheimers
lewy body dementia
frontotemporal dementia

30
Q

what is lewy body dementia

A

intracellular accumulation of Lewy bodies in the neurons mainly in the cortex

31
Q

what is frontotemporal dementia

A

deposition of proteins in the frontal and temporal lobes; early personality and behavior changes and aphasia

32
Q

causes of dementia

A

affects 5-20% age 65+, incidence increases with age
alzheimers 50% of cases
multiple cerebral infarcts (2nd most common cause)
dementia with lewy bodies
alcoholism

33
Q

alzheimers disease

A

slow progressice disorder od the CNS begins w impairments of learning and recent memory
progresses to anomia, aphasia, and acalculia (loss of employability)

34
Q

symptoms and characteristics of alzheimers

A

spatial disorientation and apraxia ( pts become lost easily and difficulty cooking, cleaning and self care)
short shuffling steps, flexed posture,social disconnect, aphasia

35
Q

pathogenesis of alzheimers

A

extracellular aggregates of amyloid plaques
intracellular neurofibrillary tangles

36
Q

how many people globally living w Dementia

A

47 Mill

37
Q

risk factors of AD

A

age is a major risk factor
3 major symptoms; memoru function, brain atrophy, accumulations of amyloid protein

38
Q

amyloid plaques =

A

= neuron death and inflammation

39
Q

alzheimers symptoms

A

confusion w time and locatoin
withdrawal from social activities
difficulty completing tasks, solving problems, w words
misplacing items
memory loss
poor judgement
trouble w images and spaces

40
Q

what percent of alzheimers cases accounts for dementia cases

A

60-80%

41
Q
A

CLIN MED (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions