pain in the ass hypersensitivity Flashcards
Type I
Immediate hypersensitivity
Type II
Direct cell killing
Type III
Immune complex mediated
Type IV
Delayed type hypersensitivity
Allergic disease
Type I hypersensitivity
IgE mediated
Contact dermatitis
Delayed type IV hypersensitivity
Investigations for allergy
Skin prick tests
Quantitate specific IgE to putative allergen
Challenge test (supervised exposure to putative antigen)
Test you could do DURING anaphylactic episode
Evidence of mast cell degranulation –> serum tryptase levels
Name a mast cell destabiliser
Sodium cromoglycate
Which receptors do anti-histamines block?
H1
Which receptors does anaphylaxis work on?
Acts on β2 adrenergic receptors to constrict arterial smooth muscle
Increases blood pressure thereby limiting vascular leakage
Dilates bronchial smooth muscle, thereby decreasing airflow obstruction
What is IPEX syndrome?
Immune dysfunction, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy and X-linked inheritance syndrome
- basically overwhelming systemic autoimmunity
- severe infections
- intractable diarrhoea
- eczema
- very early onset diabetes
Reactive arthritis more common if you have which HLA?
HLA-B27
Immune mediators in type I reactions
Mast cells
Eosinophils
Sarcoidosis hypersensitivity
Type IV
Farmers lung hypersensitivity
Type III
Immune haemolytic anaemia hypersensitivity
Type II
Goodpasture’s syndrome
Type II
antibodies bind to glomerular basement membrane
Grave’s disease
Type II
antibodies bind to epithelial cell cement
Pemphigus vulgaris
Type II
antibodies bind to epithelial cell cement
Myasthenia gravis
Type II
acetyl choline receptor
Guillan Barre syndrome
Type II
(antibodies bung to peripheral nerve glycoprotein
What to the antibodies bind to in Guillan Barre?
The peripheral nerve glycoprotein
Type II hypersensitivity management
Plasmapheresis and immunosuppression
