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Respiratory > New respiratory learn > Flashcards

New respiratory learn Flashcards

1
Q

What is Caplan’s syndrome

A

combination of rheumatoid disease and pneumoconiosis

- you’ll see massive fibrotic nodules and patient has history of coal dust exposure

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2
Q

Recurrent chest infections and infertility

A

Kartagner’s syndrome/ cystic fibrosis

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3
Q

Investigation for suspected lung cancer

A

Chest x-ray
CT with contrast
(biopsy should not be performed before a CT)

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4
Q

When would you do PET scan?

A

In suspected non-small cell cancer

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5
Q

Moderate asthma attack

A

PEFR 50-75% of best
Speech normal
RR <25
Pulse <110

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6
Q

Severe asthma attack

A

PEFR 33-50% of best
Can’t complete sentences
RR >25
Pulse >110

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7
Q

Life-threatening asthma attack

A 
PEFR <33%
Oxygen <92%
Silent chest, cyanosis, feeble respiratory effort
Bradycardia, dysrhythmia or hypotension
Exhaustion, confusion or coma
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8
Q

Klebsiella can cause pneumonia in alcoholics, what other lung symptoms may it cause?

A

Commonly causes lung abscesses and pleural empyema

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9
Q

What is Pott’s disease?

A

TB in the vertebrae

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10
Q

Treatment of small cell lung cancer

A

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy

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11
Q

Which testicle normally hangs lower?

A

Left testicle

remember may be opposite in Kartagener if they have situs invertus

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12
Q

Low glucose in pleural fluid

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

Tuberculosis

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13
Q

Raised amylase in pleural fluid

A

Pancreatitis, oesophageal perforation

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14
Q

Heavy blood stained pleural fluid

A

Mesothelioma, pulmonary embolism, tuberculosis

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15
Q

What can improve survival in COPD?

A

1) smoking cessation - this is THE most important thing

2) long-term oxygen therapy

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16
Q

pO2 in hyperventilation

A

pO2 normal because no problem with gas exchange

Low pCO2 cos blowing it off

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17
Q

Where is the “safe triangle” for chest drain insertion?

A

5th intercostal space, mid-axillary line

Borders - lat dorsi, pec major and line superior to axilla and nipple

18
Q

Histological finding in TB

A

Epitheliod histiocytes

19
Q

COPD symptoms in a young person, what diagnosis should you think of?

A

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency

20
Q

Which antibodies might you see in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

A

ANA

21
Q

Symptoms and signs of pulmonary oedema

A

Bibasal crackles and S3 are the most reliable signs

22
Q

What can you tell me about aspergilloma?

A

Often past history of TB
Haemoptysis may be severe
CXR shows rounded opacity

23
Q

Emphysema in which lobe zone in COPD?

A

Upper lobe

24
Q

Emphysema in which lobe in alpha-1-antitrypsin

A

Lower lobes

25
Q

What is Meig’s syndrome?

A

OAP
Ovarian tumour
Ascites
Pleural effusion

26
Q

How does pulmonary TB spread?

A

Through the pulmonary venous system

27
Q

If patients are taking inhaled steroids, what should they do after they’ve used them?

A

Rinse mouth straight after so you don’t get thrush

28
Q

COPD FEV1 >50%

A

LABA or LAMA

29
Q

COPD FEV1 <50%

A

LABA + ICS

or LAMA

30
Q

Commonly causes a cavitating pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics

A

Klebsiella (more common in upper lobes)

31
Q

Klebsiella - upper or lower lobes?

A

Upper lobes (think of window sills, they are higher - windowsiella)

32
Q

COPD and bronchodilators

A

COPD doesn’t really improve after bronchodilators (in response to asthma)

33
Q

Symptom control in non-CF bronchiectasis

A

Inspiratory muscle training and postural drainage

34
Q

Why do you use inhaled corticosteroids in COPD?

A

To reduce the FREQUENCY of exacerbations

35
Q

Causes of upper zone fibrosis?

A
  • Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis
  • Histiocytes/hypersensitivity pneumonia
  • Ankylosing spondylitis
  • Radiation
  • Tuberculosis
  • Silicosis/sarcoidosis
36
Q

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - which lobe?

A

Lower zones

37
Q

When is bupropion contrindicated

A

Epilepsy

38
Q

What are the boundaries of the safe triangle?

A

Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis major
Line superior to nipple and apex at the axilla

39
Q

Bupropion mechanism of action?

A

Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor, and nicotinic antagonist.

40
Q

Recognised feature of renal adenocarcinoma?

A

Polycythaemia

Respiratory (13 decks)

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