Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory > Lectures > Flashcards

Lectures Flashcards

1
Q

How do cromones work? e.g. cromoglycate

A

Mast cell stabiliser

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which drug is effective in atopic children?

A

Cromoglycate

Leukotriene receptor antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which leukotriene plays a big role in asthma?

A

LTD4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is montelukast taken?

A

Orally, once daily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is omalizumab?

A

Anti-IgE monoclonal antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is omalizumab given?

A

Given as an injection every 2-4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are Mepolizumab and Reslizumab?

A

Anti-IL5

Injection every 4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name a mucolytic

A

Carbocisteine, ersoteine

reduce sputum viscosity, aid sputum expectoration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is asthma better in the morning or night?

A

Better in the night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Raised ACE and Ca

A

Sarcoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Erythema nodosum
Non-caseating granuloma
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

A

Sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which drugs could you use for bronchial challenge testing?

A

Metacholine, histamine, mannitol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you test static lung volume?

A

Use helium dilution/N2 washout
Increased total lung capacity in emphysema (hyperinflation)
Decreased total lung capacity in restrictive lung disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How would you monitor treatment in interstitial lung disease?

A

TLCO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How would you measure airway resistance?

A

Either with whole body plethysmography or impulse oscillometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do high levels of exhaled NO mean?

A

Reflect uncontrolled asthmatic inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why can you not use exhaled nitric oxide in COPD?

A

Nitric oxide suppressed by smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Thermophilic bacteria

A

Farmers lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Avian proteins

A

Bird fanciers lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fungi EAA

A

Malt workers lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Blood finding in sarcoidosis

A

Hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is pneumoconiosis

A

Lung disease caused by mineral dust (e.g. asbestos, coal workers lung, silicosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which type of asbestos is highly dangerous

A

Amiphibole (straight fibres)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Cor pulmonale?

A

Pulmonary hypertension complicating lung disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

PTH

A

Sqaumous cell cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

ACTH

A

Small cell lung cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Keratinising cancer

A

Squamous cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Gland forming

A

Adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Lung cancer treatment

A

Small cell - chemotherapy

All others - surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which type of cancer expresses TTF (thyroid transcription factor)

A

Adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which type of cancer expressed p63 and high molecular weight cytokeratins?

A

Squamous cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Name 3 oncogenes

A

myc
K-ras
Her2(neu)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Name a tumour suppressor gene

A

P53

34
Q

Talk to me about the EGFR gene mutation

A

Seen almost exclusively in adenocarcinomas (especially in non smokers and in asian populations)
These tumours respond to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (erlotinib)

35
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is sarcoidosis?

A

Type IV

36
Q

Non-caseating granuloma

A

Sarcoidosis

37
Q

Activity marker for Sarcoidosis?

A

ACE (activity level not diagnostic test)

38
Q

Treatment for sarcoidosis

A

Usually self-limiting

Steroids if vital organ affected/chronic

39
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is EAA?

A

Type III (immune complex deposition)

40
Q

CXR - pulmonary fibrosis most commonly in the upper zones

A

EAA

41
Q

reticulonodular fibrotic shadowing, worse at the lung bases, and periphery. Traction bronchiectasis. Honey-combing cystic changes

A

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

42
Q

What is Caplans syndrome?

A

Rheumatoid pneumoconiosis (pulmonary nodules)

43
Q

What is simple pneumoconiosis?

A

chest X-ray abnormality only (no impairment of lung function - often associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

44
Q

Egg shell calcification of hilar nodes

A

Silicosis

45
Q

Chemotherapy side effects

A 
Nausea and vomiting
Tiredness
Bone marrow suppression (infection/anaemia)
Hair loss
Pulmonary fibrosis
46
Q

Most common type of lung cancer in non-smokers

A

adenocarcinoma

i think adenocarcinoma is also the most common type overall now

47
Q

Most common type of lung cancer in smokers

A

Sqaumous

48
Q

Which nerve involved in hoarseness?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

49
Q

What causes a pancoast tumour?

A

Brachial plexus invasion - wasting of the muscles of the hand etc

50
Q

Why might you get distended external jugular vein, puffy eyelids and headache in lung cancer?

A

Involvement of the SVC

51
Q

Which type of lung cancer most frequently associated with paraneoplastic syndrome?

A

Small cell

52
Q

Why might you see thrombophelbitis in cancer patients?

A

because their blood is hypercoagulable

53
Q

What investigation MUST you do in anyone with new onset finger clubbing?

A

MUST do a CXR

54
Q

Which type of lung cancer would you usually see hypercalcaemia in?

A

Squamous cell

55
Q

Which type of cancer would you usually see SIADH in?

A

Small cell

56
Q

Treatment for SIADH in lung cancer

A

Treat underlying cause
Fluid restriction (1.5L/day)
Sometimes need demeclocycline

57
Q

Frist line investigation of DVT

A

Ultrasound doppler scane

58
Q

Name 2 direct inhibitors of Xa

A

Rivaroxiban

Apixaban

59
Q

ABG in PE

A

Type 1 resp failure = decreased PaO2, decreased SaO2, normal or low PaCO2

60
Q

Good test for small peripheral emboli

A

V/Q scan

61
Q

Name three type of granulocyte?

A

BEN
Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils

62
Q

Name two type of agranulocytes

A

Lymphocytes, monocytes

63
Q

What do developing red cells need?

A

Developing red cells still have a nucleus and need vitamin B12 and folate for the nucleus to mature before its removal

64
Q

Microcytic anaemia

A

Iron deficiency (i.e. chronic blood loss)

65
Q

Macrocytic anaemia

A

Vitamin B12/folate deficiency (nuclear defects)

Alcohol excess, liver disease, hypothyroidism

66
Q

Normocytic anaemia

A

Acute blood loss

Anaemia of chronic disease (e.g. inflammation, infection)

67
Q

Causes of raised platelets

A

Acute or chronic blood loss
Inflammation
Malignancies

68
Q

Causes of low platelets

A

Liver disease
Consumption (autoimmune or fibrin clot)
“trapping” (enlarged spleen)

69
Q

Target cells

A

Liver disease

70
Q

Red cell fragments

A

Valvular heart disease

71
Q

What is secondary haemostasis

A

Fibrin clot formation

72
Q

What is primary haemostasis?

A

When a platelet plug forms

73
Q

Innate immune system

A

Macrophages
Neutrophils
Mast cells
Natural killer cells

Complement proteins
Acute phase proteins
Cytokines

74
Q

Acquired immune system

A

T lymphocytes

B lymphocytes

75
Q

What is Kostmann syndrome?

A

Severe congenital neutropenia

76
Q

The most severe form of SCID?

A

Reticular dysgenesis (primary failure to produce neutrophils)

77
Q

Kostmann syndrome inheritance pattern

A

Autosomal recessive

78
Q

Kostmann syndrome management

A

Prophylactic antibiotics, antifungals
Stem cell transplantation
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor

79
Q

Characteristic finding of diptheria

A

Diptheria

80
Q

What is a normal Epworth scale?

A

<10/24

Respiratory (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions