Pain

Question 1

nociception

Answer 1

the ability to feel painful stimuli

Question 2

What are the four processes of pain

Answer 2

transduction, transmission, perception, and modulation

Question 3

transduction

Answer 3

the activation of pain receptors

Question 4

neurotransmitters

Answer 4

chemicals that ether excite or inhibit target nerve cells

Question 5

a-delta fibers

Answer 5

transmit acute, well localized pain

Question 6

c-fibers

Answer 6

convey diffuse, visceral pain that is often described as burning and aching.

Question 7

nocioreceptors

Answer 7

peripheral nerve fibers that transmit pain from somatic and visceral sites (pain receptors)

Question 8

pain threshold

Answer 8

the amount of stimuli we need in order to have a responsse

Question 9

Transmission

Answer 9

conduction of pain sensations from the area of injury to the spinal cord and higher centers within the brain

Question 10

modulation

Answer 10

the process by which the sensation of pain is inhibited or modified. (way that we can deal/manage the pain within the body)

Question 11

neuromodulators

Answer 11

endogenous opioid compounds (they are naturally present in the body)

Question 12

analgesic

Answer 12

pharmaceutical agent used to relieve pain

Question 13

endorphins

Answer 13

An opioid neuromodulator produced at neural synapses at various points along the CNS. Prolonged analgesic effects.

Question 14

dynorphin

Answer 14

most potent analgesic effect

Question 15

gate control theory

Answer 15

A way that our body can block off severe pain. Large diameter nerves block the transmission of small nerve fibers impusles to the brain to block the pain.

Question 16

Acute pain

Answer 16

sharp pain, preventative in nature because it warns person of tissue damage. After underlying cause is resolved and healing occurs acute pain should disappear.

Question 17

chronic pain

Answer 17

long term pain, no specific time period, lasts beyond normal healing period. May be hard to identify and treat. Can lead to mood changes, irritability and depression.

Question 18

Remission

Answer 18

when the disease is present but the person does not experience symptoms

Question 19

exacerbation

Answer 19

the symptoms reappear

Question 20

chronic malignant pain

Answer 20

termed with cancer or other progressive disorders, pain that progresses with issues

Question 21

chronic nonmalignant pain

Answer 21

pain associated with the injury that is non progressive or is completely healed

Question 22

psychogenic pain

Answer 22

something that is created in the mind. It’s subjective pain–there are no physical signs or reasonings that the person is/is not in pain.

Question 23

Cutaneous (superficial) pain

Answer 23

pain of the skin/subcutaneous tissue. Ex. paper cut that produces sharp pain with burning sensation.

Question 24

Somatic pain

Answer 24

Is diffuse or scttered and originates in tendons, ligaments, bones blood vessels and nerves. Ex, strong pressure on a bone or damage to tissue that occurs with a sprain causes deep somatic pain.

Question 25

Visceral Pain

Answer 25

Poorly localized and originates in the body organs in the thorax, cranium and abdomen. This pain occurs as organs stretch abnormally and become distended. Ex. Appendicitis.

Question 26

Referred pain

Answer 26

Pain can originate in one part of the body but be perceived in an area distant from it’s point of origin. Dealing with the nerve innervation, it can be hard to treat because we may not be able to pin point the exact cause of the pain. Example heart attack-person feels pain in their left arm but is really experiencing a heart attack.

Question 27

nociceptive pain

Answer 27

refers to the normal process that results in noxious stimuli being perceived as painful.

Question 28

Allodynia pain

Answer 28

a characteristic feature of neuropathic pain, is pain that occurs after a weak or non-painful stimuli, such as a light touch or a cold drink, which normally should not cause pain.