Nutrition Flashcards
Basal metabolism
the energy required to carry on the involuntary activities of the body at rest
Factors that increase BMR
growth, infections, fever, emotional tension, extreme environmental temperatures
Factors that decrease BMR
aging, prolonged fasting, sleep
Ketosis
an abnormal accumulation of ketone bodies that is frequently associated with acidosis
Serum Albumin
help measure protein levels in the body and are good indicators for nutrition status.
Normal Blood glucose levels
80 to 110 mg/dL (4-7 mmol/L)
Underweight
Less than 18.5
Normal
18.5-24.9
Overweight
25.0-29.9
Obesity, class 1
30.0-34.9
Obesity, class 2
35.0-39.9
Extreme obesity
40.0 and up
Anabolism
build up of new tissues
catabolism
destruction or breakdown of tissue
neutral
anabolism = catabolism
positive
anabolism > catabolism
negative
anabolism < catabolism
Functions of protein
- maintain body tissue &support new growth
- helps produce secretions and hormones
- fluid & electrolyte balance
Excess protein is stored as what
fat
Function of Carbohydrates
- provide energy
- spare protein for tissue repair
What is the RDA of carbohydrates?
45-65% of total diet calories
excess carbohydrates are stored as what
fat
complete proteins
come from animal sources–contain sufficient amount of essential amino acids
incomplete protein
plant based–lack one or more essential amino acids
Some water soluble vitamins are
C, B- complex vitamins
How are water soluble vitamins absorbed?
Through the blood
Some fat soluble vitamins are
A, D, E, K
How are fat soluble vitamins absorbed?
into the fat and the liver,
Excessive intake of what vitamins may be toxic?
A & D
What are some sources of Vitamin C?
Citrus fruits, broccoli, green pepper, strawberries, greens
What is the function of Vitamin C?
Collagen formation, antioxidant, enhances iron absorption
S/S of deficiency of Vitamin C
Scurvy, hemmorrhaging, delayed wound healing
What are some sources of Vitamin A?
Liver, carrots, egg, yolk, fortified milk
What is the function of Vitamin A?
Visual acuity in dim light, formation and maintenance of skin and mucous membranes; immune function
S/S of deficiency of Vitamin A?
Night blindness, rough skin, bone growth ceases
What are some sources of Viamin D?
Sunlight, Fortified milk, fish liver oils
What is the function of vitamin D?
Calcium and phosphorous metabolism, stimulates calcium absorption
S/S of deficiency of Vitamin D
Retarded bone growth, bone malformation
What are some sources of Vitamin E?
Vegetable oils, wheat germ ,whole grain products
What is the function of Vitamin E?
Antioxidant, protects vitamin A, heme synthesis
S/S of deficiency of Vitamin E?
Increased RBC hemolysis and macrocytic anemia in premature infants
What are some sources of Vitamin K?
Dark, green leafy vegetables; synthesized in intestines from gut bacteria
What is the function of Vitamin K?
Synthesis of certain proteins necessary for blood clotting
S/S of deficiency of Vitamin K?
Hemmorrhagic disease of newborn, delayed blood clotting
Nasogastric Feeding Tube
inserted through nose/mouth into stomach. Usually a continuous feed over 24 hours but can be given manually. Check placement and residual every 4-6 hours
Gastrostomy
inserted surgically into the stomach
jejunostomy tube
inserted into the small bowel when insertion into the stomach cannot be done
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG TUBE)
inserted non surgically decreases risk to the patient.
How often should stomach tubes be checked for placement and residual contents?
Every 4-6 hours with continuous feedings or before all feedings/medication administration.
