Nutrition

Question 1

Basal metabolism

Answer 1

the energy required to carry on the involuntary activities of the body at rest

Question 2

Factors that increase BMR

Answer 2

growth, infections, fever, emotional tension, extreme environmental temperatures

Question 3

Factors that decrease BMR

Answer 3

aging, prolonged fasting, sleep

Question 4

Ketosis

Answer 4

an abnormal accumulation of ketone bodies that is frequently associated with acidosis

Question 5

Serum Albumin

Answer 5

help measure protein levels in the body and are good indicators for nutrition status.

Question 6

Normal Blood glucose levels

Answer 6

80 to 110 mg/dL (4-7 mmol/L)

Question 7

Underweight

Answer 7

Less than 18.5

Question 8

Normal

Answer 8

18.5-24.9

Question 9

Overweight

Answer 9

25.0-29.9

Question 10

Obesity, class 1

Answer 10

30.0-34.9

Question 11

Obesity, class 2

Answer 11

35.0-39.9

Question 12

Extreme obesity

Answer 12

40.0 and up

Question 13

Anabolism

Answer 13

build up of new tissues

Question 14

catabolism

Answer 14

destruction or breakdown of tissue

Question 15

neutral

Answer 15

anabolism = catabolism

Question 16

positive

Answer 16

anabolism > catabolism

Question 17

negative

Answer 17

anabolism < catabolism

Question 18

Functions of protein

Answer 18

• maintain body tissue &support new growth
• helps produce secretions and hormones
• fluid & electrolyte balance

Question 19

Excess protein is stored as what

Answer 19

fat

Question 20

Function of Carbohydrates

Answer 20

• provide energy

- spare protein for tissue repair

Question 21

What is the RDA of carbohydrates?

Answer 21

45-65% of total diet calories

Question 22

excess carbohydrates are stored as what

Answer 22

fat

Question 23

complete proteins

Answer 23

come from animal sources–contain sufficient amount of essential amino acids

Question 24

incomplete protein

Answer 24

plant based–lack one or more essential amino acids

Question 25

Some water soluble vitamins are

Answer 25

C, B- complex vitamins

Question 26

How are water soluble vitamins absorbed?

Answer 26

Through the blood

Question 27

Some fat soluble vitamins are

Answer 27

A, D, E, K

Question 28

How are fat soluble vitamins absorbed?

Answer 28

into the fat and the liver,

Question 29

Excessive intake of what vitamins may be toxic?

Answer 29

A & D

Question 30

What are some sources of Vitamin C?

Answer 30

Citrus fruits, broccoli, green pepper, strawberries, greens

Question 31

What is the function of Vitamin C?

Answer 31

Collagen formation, antioxidant, enhances iron absorption

Question 32

S/S of deficiency of Vitamin C

Answer 32

Scurvy, hemmorrhaging, delayed wound healing

Question 33

What are some sources of Vitamin A?

Answer 33

Liver, carrots, egg, yolk, fortified milk

Question 34

What is the function of Vitamin A?

Answer 34

Visual acuity in dim light, formation and maintenance of skin and mucous membranes; immune function

Question 35

S/S of deficiency of Vitamin A?

Answer 35

Night blindness, rough skin, bone growth ceases

Question 36

What are some sources of Viamin D?

Answer 36

Sunlight, Fortified milk, fish liver oils

Question 37

What is the function of vitamin D?

Answer 37

Calcium and phosphorous metabolism, stimulates calcium absorption

Question 38

S/S of deficiency of Vitamin D

Answer 38

Retarded bone growth, bone malformation

Question 39

What are some sources of Vitamin E?

Answer 39

Vegetable oils, wheat germ ,whole grain products

Question 40

What is the function of Vitamin E?

Answer 40

Antioxidant, protects vitamin A, heme synthesis

Question 41

S/S of deficiency of Vitamin E?

Answer 41

Increased RBC hemolysis and macrocytic anemia in premature infants

Question 42

What are some sources of Vitamin K?

Answer 42

Dark, green leafy vegetables; synthesized in intestines from gut bacteria

Question 43

What is the function of Vitamin K?

Answer 43

Synthesis of certain proteins necessary for blood clotting

Question 44

S/S of deficiency of Vitamin K?

Answer 44

Hemmorrhagic disease of newborn, delayed blood clotting

Question 45

Nasogastric Feeding Tube

Answer 45

inserted through nose/mouth into stomach. Usually a continuous feed over 24 hours but can be given manually. Check placement and residual every 4-6 hours

Question 46

Gastrostomy

Answer 46

inserted surgically into the stomach

Question 47

jejunostomy tube

Answer 47

inserted into the small bowel when insertion into the stomach cannot be done

Question 48

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG TUBE)

Answer 48

inserted non surgically decreases risk to the patient.

Question 49

How often should stomach tubes be checked for placement and residual contents?

Answer 49

Every 4-6 hours with continuous feedings or before all feedings/medication administration.