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Nursing Concepts > Care of the Surgical Patient > Flashcards

Care of the Surgical Patient Flashcards

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1
Q

preoperative phase

A

from the decision of surgery to transfer into the operating room

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2
Q

Intraoperative phase

A

from transfer to the operating room to admission to the PACU

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3
Q

postoperative phase

A

starts at admission to the PACU and ends when completely recovered from surgery.

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4
Q

Emergency surgery

A

needed to be done immediately; life threatening situation

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5
Q

urgent

A

not an emergency; requires prompt intervention 24-48 hours

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6
Q

elective

A

non urgent, non acute problem, not life threatening but surgery is preferred treatment

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7
Q

optional

A

not critical to survival or function

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8
Q

diagnostic

A

to make or confirm a diagnosis

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9
Q

ablative

A

to remove a diseased body part

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10
Q

restorative

A

to restore function to a traumatized or malfunctioning tissue

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11
Q

palliative

A

to relieve or reduce intensity of an illness; is not curative

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12
Q

constructive

A

to restore function in congenital anomalies Ex. cleft palate

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13
Q

transplantation

A

to replace organs or structures that are diseased or malfunctioning.

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14
Q

Minor degree of risk

A

low risk to patient; fewer complications; often same day surgery

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15
Q

Major degree of risk

A

high risk to patient; more complicated; increased blood loss; vital organs involved; increased risk of post operative complications

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16
Q

What are some advantages of same day surgery?

A

Same day procedures-cheaper
less stress
less risk of HAI’sq

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17
Q

What are some disadvantages of same day surgeries

A

need more knowledge base & proper education
baseline info
limited activity at home and need more social support

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18
Q

What are some components of pre-surgical testing?

A

CBC, Basic metabolic panel, chest X-Ray, EKG/ECG,

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19
Q

What information would be included in a current problem nursing assessment?

A

What are they having surgery on

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20
Q

What information would be included in a vital signs nursing assessment

A

VITALS

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21
Q

Antibiotics

A

mycins–potentiate MS relaxants

22
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Increase bleeding time, problem with cloting, should be stopped several days prior to surgery

23
Q

Aspirin NSAIDS

A

same as anticoagulants

24
Q

Antihypertensives

A

When used with anesthetics can cause hypotension

25
Q

Diuretics

A

Loss of K+ . Hypokalemia will cause cardiac problems and arrhythmia. (getting rid of excess water)

26
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Steroids–when stopped suddenly will cause CV collapse; also anti-inflammatory and will delay wound healing.

27
Q

Tranquilizers

A

potentiate narcotics and barbiiturates which will decrease BP and cause CNS depresssion

28
Q

Support system

A

sociocultural needs

29
Q

Sedatives

A

diazepam (Valium); midazolam (versed), lorazepam (Ativan) to alleviate anxiety and decrease recall of events related to surgery

30
Q

Anticholinergics

A

Atropine and Glycopyrrolate (Robinul) decrease pulmonary/oral secretions and prevent laryngospasm

31
Q

Narcotic Analgesics

A

Morphine to facilitate patient sedation and relaxation and to decrease the amount of anesthetic agent needed.

32
Q

Neuroleptanalgesic agents

A

fentanyl citrate-droperidol (Innovar) cause a general state of calmness and sleepiness

33
Q

H2-histamine receptor antagonist

A

cimetidine (Tagamet) and ranitidine (zantac) to decrease gastic acidity and volume

34
Q

General anesthesia

A

Inhalation or Intravenous–produces CNS depression, analgesia, relaxation and reflex loss.

35
Q

Patients are not arousable, are unable to maintain breathing and require mechanical ventilation. Cardiovascular function may be impaired.

A

General Anesthesia

36
Q

Beginning stage of anesthesia

A

initial feeling of detachment as the client is receiving the medication and is starting to work on the body.

37
Q

Excitement stage of anesthesia

A

the person is excited and may be taking, crying or shouting

38
Q

surgical anesthessia

A

the patient is unconscious and still the medication is doing what it is suppossed to do.

39
Q

medullary depression

A

too much anesthesia has been administered or it is being broken down differently in the body.

40
Q

Regional Anesthesia

A

Local anesthetic injected around nerves

41
Q

Patient is awake and aware of surroundings. This has a less systemic effect. it is good for the elderly and those with cardiac and respiratory problems.

A

regional anesthesia

42
Q

epidural anesthesia

A

agent is injected into the epidural space that surrpounds the dura mater of the spinal cord.

43
Q

what is an advantage of epidural anesthesia

A

no headache

44
Q

what are some disadvantages of an epidural

A

need more precise technical administration. Can be used post operative also for pain control.

45
Q

spinal anethesia

A

agent injected through the dura mater and into the subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord.

46
Q

Produces anesthesia to lower extremities, perineum and lower abdomen. Side effects are headache and hypotension

A

spinal anesthesia.

47
Q

Hypoxia

A

inadequate ventilation due to airway occlusion, anadvertent intubation of esophagus instead of trachea.

48
Q

What are some causes of respiratory depression

A

medications, aspiration of secretion or vomitus, the positioning of the patient on the table.

49
Q

Hypoxia can cause

A

brain damage in minutes-patient must be monitored carefully-O2 levels, pulse ox, peripheral circulation.

50
Q

how is Hypothermia intenionally cuased

A

bypass surgery

51
Q

how is hypothermia unintentionally caused

A

low room temp, cold IV fluids, inhaling cold gases, open body cavity, decreased muscle activity, age, medications,

52
Q

How do you rewarm a patient with hypothermia

A

graduallly. Room temperature, warm IV fluids, dry sheets. Monitor patient slowly.

Nursing Concepts (7 decks)

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