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Nursing Concepts > Altered Thought Processes > Flashcards

Altered Thought Processes Flashcards

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1
Q

Normal Cognitive changes

A
  • increased reaction & response time
  • individualized
  • mild short term memory loss
  • decline in problem solving
  • long term memory usually remains intact
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2
Q

Cognition

A

the ability to think
the ability to process and store information
the ability to solve problems

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3
Q

What does cognition involve?

A

Cognition involves the mental processing of information. Memory and thought combine to store, retrieve and manipulate this information

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4
Q

A cognitive Disorder

A

A problem or lack of one or more of the three elements.

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5
Q

Conditions of a Cognitive Disorder

A

Delirium, Dementia, Amnesia/Amnestic disorder= forgetfullness

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6
Q

Level of consciousness (LOC)

A

measures alertness

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7
Q

Delirium

A

An acute change in a person’s level of cognition and level of cognition, LOC that occurs over a short period of time–hours to days

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8
Q

Dementia

A

A progressive, irreversible decline in mental function. Not a part of normal aging, often not noticed at first. Decline in physical and cognitive function and personality changes.

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9
Q

Progression of Dementia

A

slowly to very obvious

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10
Q

Confusion

A

Acute change in mental status from baseline; disorientaion mixed with lucidiy

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11
Q

Changes in LOC

A

can range from stupor to hyperacivity

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12
Q

Disorganized thought/speech

A

unable to reason, disjointed, slurred speech

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13
Q

Decreased attention span

A

have difficulty focusing

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14
Q

imparied memory

A

cannot form, store, or retrieve information

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15
Q

Fear

A

apprehensive, bewildered

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16
Q

Anxiety

A

vague, uneasy feeling of discomfort or dread; source is non-specific or unknown

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17
Q

paranoia

A

if persists over 1 week could be a symptom of schizophrenia

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18
Q

sleep-wake distrubances

A

take brief naps day and night

19
Q

sundowning

A

sundowners syndrome; oriented during the day, confused at night

20
Q

illusions

A

inaccurate perception of sensory stimulation. Stimulus is a real object. Iv line is a snake, garbage can is a dog. Can be explained and clarified

21
Q

Delusions

A

a false belief held with conviction despite overwhelming evidence o the contrary. Belief of being poisoned–will not eat; delusion of persecution, delusions of grandeur.

22
Q

Agitation

A

increased mental and physical activity. Especially physical–usually non-purposeful activity like pacing

23
Q

hallucinations

A

false sensory stimulation. See or feel things (bugs/rats) that others do not see.

24
Q

what are the three most common forms of dementia

A

Dementia with lewy bodies, vascular dementia or multi-infarct dementia and alzheimers disease

25
Q

dementia with lewy bodies

A

2nd most common late onset dementia

26
Q

What is dementia with lewy bodies

A

abnormal protein levels within the nerves, develop cognitive changes and then develop musculoskeletal changes

27
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of dementia with lewy bodies

A

fluctuating confusion, impaired alertness and attention, visual hallucinations, increased muscle tone, gait disorders, falling, syncope, LOC. delusions

28
Q

Vascular Dementia Multi-Infarct or Ischemic Vascular Dementia

A

Affects 60-75 years old
Affects more men than women
Abrupt onset with multiple remissions
Progressive step-wise decline in person’s mental functioning.

29
Q

Vascular Dementia Multi-Infarct or Ischemic Vascular Dementia: physical signs/symptoms

A

Memory problems; forgetfulness; dizziness; leg or arm weakness; lack of concentration; moving with rapid shuffling steps; loss of bladder or bowel control.

30
Q

Vascular Dementia Multi-Infarct or Ischemic Vascular Dementia: behavioral signs/symptoms

A

slurred speech; language problems; abnormal behavior; wandering or getting lost in familiar surroundings; laughing or crying inappropriately; difficulty following instructions; problems handling money.

31
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Can be late or early onset

32
Q

Late onset Alzheimer’s Disease

A
  • 95% of all cases
  • over age of 65
  • Only diagnosis is an autopsy
  • many causative factors
  • Disease itself is not fatal but the secondary effects are
33
Q

Early Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Believed to be genetically linked
40-50 years of age
5% of all cases

34
Q

10 Warning Signs of Alzheimers

A
  • Memory loss that disrupts daily life
  • challenges in planning or solving problems
  • difficulty completing familiar tasks at home, at work or at leisure
  • confusion with time or place
  • trouble understanding visual images and spatial relationships
  • new problems with words in speaking or writing
  • misplacing things and losing the ability to retrace steps
  • decreased or poor judgement
  • withdrawal from work or social activities
  • changes in mood and personality
35
Q

Anomia

A

Difficulty finding/remembering words or name of objets

36
Q

apraxia

A

inability to use the object appropriately Ex. getting dressed, eating utensils

37
Q

Agnosia

A

loss of sensory comprehension/recognize objects that are everyday
Later on in disease: cannot recognize themselves/family

38
Q

Amnesia

A

loss of memory, cannot develop new

39
Q

aphasia

A

inability to speak/understand or loss of ability to speak

40
Q

receptive aphasia

A

unable to process what they hear

41
Q

expressive aphasia

A

cant express how they feel

42
Q

agraphia

A

inability to express themselves through writing

43
Q

alexia

A

inability to understand written language (can read it but cannot comprehend it)

44
Q

Activities of daily living (ADL’s BATTED)

A

Bathing, Ambulating, Toileting, Transfer, Eating, Dressing

Nursing Concepts (7 decks)

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