Pain

Question 1

heaviness and pain of body, inability to turn body, fever and aversion to cold, headache and heaviness like a band wrapping around the head, chest oppression and irritability

t: thin white greasy coating
p: soggy-slow

Answer 1

dampness attacking superficials

pathogenesis: external; usually from being exposed to wind or dampness (rain); external dampness penetrates superficials, dampness stagnated causing heaviness of body

Question 2

heaviness of body, facial edema, aversion to wind, dislike of cold, fever, headache, limb and joint soreness, cough, sore throat, scanty urine

t: thin white coating
p: floating

Answer 2

wind-water combating

pathogenesis: external; resulted from wind evil attacking LU, obstructing LU function of governing water passageway, which also affects BL function; evil stagnated in superficials, obstructing meridian passageway

Question 3

heaviness of body w/o pain, lower limb pitting edema, sallow or pale complexion, loose stool, lethargy, cold limbs, lower back soreness and heaviness, scanty and short urination

t: pale and puffy w/ white slippery coating
p: deep-thin-slow

Answer 3

SP-KD yang deficiency w/ water retention

pathogenesis: internal; overstrain or chronic illness, causing SP and KD yang deficiency + abundant yin cold accumulation; SP relies on yang qi to circulate and warm the four limbs; SP and KD yang deficiency causes water accumulation, so heaviness of limbs can be seen

Question 4

whole body ache, aversion to cold, fever, no sweating, nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy throat, cough

t: thin white coating
p: floating-tight

Answer 4

wind-cold bi

pathogenesis: wind wanders around, cold constricts superficials; externally contracted wind-cold obstructs wei-qi circulation, causing body pain

Question 5

whole body ache, heaviness of limbs, head distention like a band wrapping around the head
or aversion to cold, fever, no sweating

t: white greasy coating
p: soggy

Answer 5

damp bi

pathogenesis: resulted from exposure to rain or damp evil; dampness will obstruct qi and blood circulation in the meridians causing body pain

Question 6

whole body ache like needle pricks, inability to turn body

t: dark w/ purple spots
p: deep, choppy

Answer 6

blood stasis

pathogenesis: chronic bi syndrome will affect channels and collaterals causing stasis, or blood stasis may be caused by qi disease entering blood level; may also be result of other chronic illnesses causing qi and blood disharmony; chronic disease will affect blood, blood stagnation in channels and collaterals causing body pain

Question 7

bone and joint pain, affected areas are cold, heavy and swollen, cold limbs

t: white slippery coating
p: wiry-tight

Answer 7

cold-dampness obstructing collaterals (cold-damp bi)

pathogenesis: externally contracted wind-cold-damp evil affecting bones causing blockage, resulting in bi syndrome

Question 8

bone and joint pain, local areas swollen, heavy, burning, hot sensation of body

t: yellow greasy coating
p: slippery-rapid

Answer 8

damp-heat bi

pathogenesis: externally contracted damp and heat attack, or damp evil transforming into heat causing damp-heat bi obstruction syndrome; this syndrome will result in joint and bone pain

Question 9

whole body bone pain, deformity of spine, accompanied by lower back and knee soreness and weakness, tight or cramping tendons, inability to walk normally, slow reaction

adults: hair loss, loose teeth, seminal emission, tinnitus, deafness, poor memory
children: stunted growth, low intelligence, night sweat, spasms

t: dull, thin, small, mirrored, red
p: thin-weak

Answer 9

KD essence deficiency

pathogenesis: internal disease: either from prenatal essence deficiency or excessive post-natal essence depletion; KD governs bones and marrow; when KD essence is deficient, sea of marrow will be deficient, leading to inability to nourish bones, causing bone pain

Question 10

four limbs and lower back bone and joint pain, weakness of four limbs, muscle atrophy, better in the day time, worse in the night time, deformity of bones, limited movement, pale complexion, bland taste in mouth, spontaneous sweating, facial edema, swollen limbs, dislike of speaking, nocturnal enuresis, borborygmus, abdominal pain, loose stool or early morning diarrhea

t: pale, swollen, tender w/ white or watery coating
p: wiry-slow w/o strength or slow-thready

Answer 10

SP-KD qi deficiency

pathogenesis: SP qi deficiency leads to inability to nourish KD, causing SP-KD qi deficiency; marrow unable to be nourished, so deformity and bone pain can be seen

Question 11

stabbing pain in fixed location, stiffness of bones, bone deformity, dark-dull colour around joints, inability to extend joints, stiffness and numbness of limbs

t: dull dark purple or w/ purple spots
p: thin-choppy

Answer 11

qi and blood stagnation

pathogenesis: chronic bi syndrome; the exogenous evil is stagnated in meridians, so qi and blood cannot circulate, causing blood stasis and phlegm accumulation; stagnation is accumulated in bones and joints, which is difficult to expel after prolonged period of time

Question 12

whole body tremors w/ inability to stop, accompanied by dizziness, irritability, prone to anger

t: red w/ thin coating, slightly dry
p: wiry-rapid-forceful

Answer 12

LV yang hyperactivity stirring wind (internally)

pathogenesis: commonly seen in patients who are prone to anger; excessive anger will injure the LV, hyperactive LV will transform into wind; LV dominates tendons, therefore LV wind will cause trembling of whole body

Question 13

tremors of the body, cold limbs
or vomiting w/ abdominal pain
or loose stool, watery stool

t: pale w/ thin slippery coating
p: deep-tight or wiry-slippery

Answer 13

yang deficiency

pathogenesis: commonly seen after excessive sweating; wei defensive yang is injured, misuse of sweating method or post-partum qi and blood deficiency; yang deficiency causes inability to maintain proper meridian circulation

Question 14

hemiparesthesia, accompanied by weakness of limbs, palpitations, sob, aversion to wind, spontaneous sweating

t: pale w/ thin white coating
p: weak

Answer 14

SP-ST qi deficiency

pathogenesis: over-strain, irregular diet, or over-use of medication will cause middle jiao qi damage; SP-ST qi deficiency usually causes right side hemiparesthesia

Question 15

hemiparesthesia, accompanied by lustreless complexion, spontaneous sweating, thin body

t: pale, tender w/ thin coating, slightly dry
p: thin-weak

Answer 15

ying qi malnutrition (blood and body fluid deficiency)

pathogenesis: often from excessive blood loss, overstraing from sexual activity, multiple labours consuming blood, or febrile disease injuring body fluids; malnutrition of sinews and tendons; malnutrition body numbness due to blood and body fluid deficiency; usually causes left side hemiparesthesia

Question 16

hemiparesthesia, accompanied by headache, body ache, pathogenic wind cold symptoms, no sweating

t: thin white moist coating
p: wiry-tight

Answer 16

wind-cold attacking collaterals

pathogenesis: acute, excess: wind cold pathogen invading skin then into the channels, causing obstruction in channels

Question 17

hemiparesthesia, accompanied by different degrees of tremors, dizziness, headache, irritability, prone to anger, insomnia w/ many dreams

t: dark red, scanty or thin yellow dry coating
p: wiry-forceful

Answer 17

LV yang hyperactivity stirring wind

pathogenesis: excess: LV yang hyperactivity leading to wind, wind invades channels, causing numbness

Question 18

hemiparesthesia, accompanied by heavy sensation, drowsiness, vomiting, chest oppression and discomfort

t: pale, dark w/ slippery moist or greasy white coating
p: slippery

Answer 18

damp-phlegm obstructing collaterals

pathogenesis: SP cannot transform water, leading to dampness and eventually phlegm accumulation; phlegm obstructs meridians, causing inability to nourish qi and blood

Question 19

edema starting from eyelids, acute onset, followed by four limbs or whole body edema, aversion to wind and cold, or accompanied by fever, joint soreness and pain, scanty urination

t: thin white coating
p: floating-tight

Answer 19

wind-cold attacking LU

pathogenesis: wind-cold attack from exterior, LU fx of dispersing water is impaired; this affects BL, causing urinary dysfunction, water metabolism disorders, edema

Question 20

acute eyelid or facial edema, fever, aversion to wind, cough, inflammation of throat, sore throat, scanty short urination, yellow urine

t: slightly red tip, thin yellow coating
p: floating-rapid

Answer 20

wind-heat attacking LU

pathogenesis: wind-heat attack impairs LU clearing fx; LU is upper source of water, LU qi stagnation causes impaired clearing fx, then causes blockage in water passageways, showing signs of edema

Question 21

edema of limbs, chronic progression of disease, usually starting from four limbs, abdomen, but most obvious in legs, heaviness of body, fatigue, chest oppression, bland taste in mouth, clear and short urination

t: white greasy coating
p: deep-slow

Answer 21

dampness obstructing SP

pathogenesis: SP qi deficiency unable to transform and transport water; may be due to dampness obstructing SP, walking in rain, living in damp environment for a long time, wind-cold invasion; water cannot descend, causing edema; edema starts from four limbs b/c SP governs four limbs

Question 22

edema mostly below the waist, frequent recurrence, pitting edema, fatigue, cold limbs, poor appetite, loose stool, scanty clear urination

t: pale w/ thin white moist coating
p: deep-slow

Answer 22

SP yang deficiency

pathogenesis: untreated chronic illness of excessive type, over-strain, or SP deficiency will affect T&T fx; yang deficiency cannot regulate water leading to pitting edema of lower body from waist down, often recurring

Question 23

whole body edema, usually starting from waist and legs, worse around ankles, lower back and knee soreness/weakness/heaviness, damp cold in scrotum, cold limbs, scanty clear urination

t: pale and puffy w/ thin white coating
p: deep-thin-weak

Answer 23

KD yang deficiency

pathogenesis: KD yang edema worse than SP yang edema, usually manifests as whole body edema; when lower jiao water passage obstructed, edema will begin at waist and legs

Question 24

gradual facial and four limb edema, pale lustreless or sallow complexion, pale lips, dizziness, palpitations, sob, poor appetite, fatigue, lack of energy

t: thin scanty coating
p: deficient-thin-weak

Answer 24

qi-blood deficiency

pathogenesis: usually from SP-ST qi deficiency, leading to poor T&T fx; or chronic illness depleting both qi and blood; or zang fu deficiency causing poor water metabolism fx