pain

Question 1

what is the name of pain receptors

Answer 1

nociceptors

Question 2

how does distribution of nociceptors link to acuity of pain

Answer 2

wide receptive field means less acuity

Question 3

where in the brain is pain processed

Answer 3

somatosensory cortex

Question 4

describe the second order neurone in a fast pain response

Answer 4

A myelinated

Question 5

describe the nature of pain in a fast pain response

Answer 5

sharp and stabbing

Question 6

describe the second order neurone in a slow pain response

Answer 6

C unmyelinated

Question 7

describe the nature of pain in a slow pain response

Answer 7

aching and burning

Question 8

what si the structure that connects sensory and motor neurones in withdrawal reflex

Answer 8

interneurone

Question 9

describe what happens to motor neurones on the same side as pain in withdrawal reflex

Answer 9

flexor stimulated
extensor inhibited

Question 10

describe what happens to motor neurones on the opposite side as pain in withdrawal reflex

Answer 10

extensor stimulated
flexor inhibited

Question 11

what is cortical pain

Answer 11

pain involving cerebral cortex

Question 12

what is visceral pain

Answer 12

pain that originates in internal organs

Question 13

what is neuropathic pain

Answer 13

pain caused by nerve damage

Question 14

what is the action of local anaesthetic

Answer 14

blocks pain pathway by blocking Na+ ion channels so no action potential

Question 15

what is the action of NSAIDs

Answer 15

blocks amplification pathway by blocking cox Ac enzymes that make prostaglandins, pain signalling molecule

Question 16

what is the action of opiods

Answer 16

block pain receptors by causing hyferpolarisation

Question 17

name 4 side effects of opioids

Answer 17

constipation
mood alteration
sedation
respiratory depression

Question 18

what are endogenous opiods

Answer 18

natural pain relief produced by the body

Question 19

where are endogenous opioids produced

Answer 19

thalamus and pituitary gland

Question 20

what si the sensory and emotional constituents of pain

Answer 20

sensory- stops you doing it
emotional- stops you doing it in future

Question 21

what is acute pain

Answer 21

pain caused by tissue damage

Question 22

what si chronic pain

Answer 22

pain that lasts beyond length of tissue damage

Question 23

how is the central nervous system altered with chronic pain

Answer 23

ascending pathways amplified
descending pathways reduced

Question 24

name 3 ways to treat chronic pain

Answer 24

physical exercise
mindfullness
CBT

Question 25

what pain management is offered to low risk patients

Answer 25

support and self management

Question 26

what pain management is offered to medium risk patients

Answer 26

physio

Question 27

what pain management is offered to high risk patients

Answer 27

psychological support