pain Flashcards
what is the name of pain receptors
nociceptors
how does distribution of nociceptors link to acuity of pain
wide receptive field means less acuity
where in the brain is pain processed
somatosensory cortex
describe the second order neurone in a fast pain response
A myelinated
describe the nature of pain in a fast pain response
sharp and stabbing
describe the second order neurone in a slow pain response
C unmyelinated
describe the nature of pain in a slow pain response
aching and burning
what si the structure that connects sensory and motor neurones in withdrawal reflex
interneurone
describe what happens to motor neurones on the same side as pain in withdrawal reflex
flexor stimulated
extensor inhibited
describe what happens to motor neurones on the opposite side as pain in withdrawal reflex
extensor stimulated
flexor inhibited
what is cortical pain
pain involving cerebral cortex
what is visceral pain
pain that originates in internal organs
what is neuropathic pain
pain caused by nerve damage
what is the action of local anaesthetic
blocks pain pathway by blocking Na+ ion channels so no action potential
what is the action of NSAIDs
blocks amplification pathway by blocking cox Ac enzymes that make prostaglandins, pain signalling molecule
what is the action of opiods
block pain receptors by causing hyferpolarisation
name 4 side effects of opioids
constipation
mood alteration
sedation
respiratory depression
what are endogenous opiods
natural pain relief produced by the body
where are endogenous opioids produced
thalamus and pituitary gland
what si the sensory and emotional constituents of pain
sensory- stops you doing it
emotional- stops you doing it in future
what is acute pain
pain caused by tissue damage
what si chronic pain
pain that lasts beyond length of tissue damage
how is the central nervous system altered with chronic pain
ascending pathways amplified
descending pathways reduced
name 3 ways to treat chronic pain
physical exercise
mindfullness
CBT
what pain management is offered to low risk patients
support and self management
what pain management is offered to medium risk patients
physio
what pain management is offered to high risk patients
psychological support
